Integral de $$$\frac{1}{2 n - 1}$$$

Encontre $$$\int \frac{1}{2 n - 1}\, dn$$$.

Seja $$$u=2 n - 1$$$.

Então $$$du=\left(2 n - 1\right)^{\prime }dn = 2 dn$$$ (veja os passos »), e obtemos $$$dn = \frac{du}{2}$$$.

Assim,

$${\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{2 n - 1} d n}}} = {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{2 u} d u}}}$$

Aplique a regra do múltiplo constante $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$ usando $$$c=\frac{1}{2}$$$ e $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \frac{1}{u}$$$:

$${\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{2 u} d u}}} = {\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{\frac{1}{u} d u}}{2}\right)}}$$

A integral de $$$\frac{1}{u}$$$ é $$$\int{\frac{1}{u} d u} = \ln{\left(\left|{u}\right| \right)}$$$:

$$\frac{{\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{u} d u}}}}{2} = \frac{{\color{red}{\ln{\left(\left|{u}\right| \right)}}}}{2}$$

Recorde que $$$u=2 n - 1$$$:

$$\frac{\ln{\left(\left|{{\color{red}{u}}}\right| \right)}}{2} = \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{{\color{red}{\left(2 n - 1\right)}}}\right| \right)}}{2}$$

Portanto,

$$\int{\frac{1}{2 n - 1} d n} = \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{2 n - 1}\right| \right)}}{2}$$

Adicione a constante de integração:

$$\int{\frac{1}{2 n - 1} d n} = \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{2 n - 1}\right| \right)}}{2}+C$$

$$$\int \frac{1}{2 n - 1}\, dn = \frac{\ln\left(\left|{2 n - 1}\right|\right)}{2} + C$$$A