$$$\frac{2}{5 x - 1}$$$ 的积分

求$$$\int \frac{2}{5 x - 1}\, dx$$$。

对 $$$c=2$$$ 和 $$$f{\left(x \right)} = \frac{1}{5 x - 1}$$$ 应用常数倍法则 $$$\int c f{\left(x \right)}\, dx = c \int f{\left(x \right)}\, dx$$$：

$${\color{red}{\int{\frac{2}{5 x - 1} d x}}} = {\color{red}{\left(2 \int{\frac{1}{5 x - 1} d x}\right)}}$$

设$$$u=5 x - 1$$$。

则$$$du=\left(5 x - 1\right)^{\prime }dx = 5 dx$$$ (步骤见»)，并有$$$dx = \frac{du}{5}$$$。

所以，

$$2 {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{5 x - 1} d x}}} = 2 {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{5 u} d u}}}$$

对 $$$c=\frac{1}{5}$$$ 和 $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \frac{1}{u}$$$ 应用常数倍法则 $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$：

$$2 {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{5 u} d u}}} = 2 {\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{\frac{1}{u} d u}}{5}\right)}}$$

$$$\frac{1}{u}$$$ 的积分为 $$$\int{\frac{1}{u} d u} = \ln{\left(\left|{u}\right| \right)}$$$:

$$\frac{2 {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{u} d u}}}}{5} = \frac{2 {\color{red}{\ln{\left(\left|{u}\right| \right)}}}}{5}$$

回忆一下 $$$u=5 x - 1$$$:

$$\frac{2 \ln{\left(\left|{{\color{red}{u}}}\right| \right)}}{5} = \frac{2 \ln{\left(\left|{{\color{red}{\left(5 x - 1\right)}}}\right| \right)}}{5}$$

因此，

$$\int{\frac{2}{5 x - 1} d x} = \frac{2 \ln{\left(\left|{5 x - 1}\right| \right)}}{5}$$

加上积分常数：

$$\int{\frac{2}{5 x - 1} d x} = \frac{2 \ln{\left(\left|{5 x - 1}\right| \right)}}{5}+C$$

$$$\int \frac{2}{5 x - 1}\, dx = \frac{2 \ln\left(\left|{5 x - 1}\right|\right)}{5} + C$$$A