$$$x^{4} \cos{\left(x \right)}$$$の導関数

$$$H{\left(x \right)} = x^{4} \cos{\left(x \right)}$$$ とする。

両辺の対数を取る: $$$\ln\left(H{\left(x \right)}\right) = \ln\left(x^{4} \cos{\left(x \right)}\right)$$$.

対数の性質を用いて右辺を書き換えよ: $$$\ln\left(H{\left(x \right)}\right) = 4 \ln\left(x\right) + \ln\left(\cos{\left(x \right)}\right)$$$。

方程式の両辺をそれぞれ微分せよ: $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(\ln\left(H{\left(x \right)}\right)\right) = \frac{d}{dx} \left(4 \ln\left(x\right) + \ln\left(\cos{\left(x \right)}\right)\right)$$$

方程式の左辺を微分せよ。

関数$$$\ln\left(H{\left(x \right)}\right)$$$は、2つの関数$$$f{\left(u \right)} = \ln\left(u\right)$$$と$$$g{\left(x \right)} = H{\left(x \right)}$$$の合成$$$f{\left(g{\left(x \right)} \right)}$$$である。

連鎖律 $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(f{\left(g{\left(x \right)} \right)}\right) = \frac{d}{du} \left(f{\left(u \right)}\right) \frac{d}{dx} \left(g{\left(x \right)}\right)$$$ を適用する:

$${\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(\ln\left(H{\left(x \right)}\right)\right)\right)} = {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{du} \left(\ln\left(u\right)\right) \frac{d}{dx} \left(H{\left(x \right)}\right)\right)}$$

自然対数の導関数は $$$\frac{d}{du} \left(\ln\left(u\right)\right) = \frac{1}{u}$$$:

$${\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{du} \left(\ln\left(u\right)\right)\right)} \frac{d}{dx} \left(H{\left(x \right)}\right) = {\color{red}\left(\frac{1}{u}\right)} \frac{d}{dx} \left(H{\left(x \right)}\right)$$

元の変数に戻す:

$$\frac{\frac{d}{dx} \left(H{\left(x \right)}\right)}{{\color{red}\left(u\right)}} = \frac{\frac{d}{dx} \left(H{\left(x \right)}\right)}{{\color{red}\left(H{\left(x \right)}\right)}}$$

したがって、$$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(\ln\left(H{\left(x \right)}\right)\right) = \frac{\frac{d}{dx} \left(H{\left(x \right)}\right)}{H{\left(x \right)}}$$$。

方程式の右辺を微分する。

和/差の導関数は、導関数の和/差である:

$${\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(4 \ln\left(x\right) + \ln\left(\cos{\left(x \right)}\right)\right)\right)} = {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(4 \ln\left(x\right)\right) + \frac{d}{dx} \left(\ln\left(\cos{\left(x \right)}\right)\right)\right)}$$

関数$$$\ln\left(\cos{\left(x \right)}\right)$$$は、2つの関数$$$f{\left(u \right)} = \ln\left(u\right)$$$と$$$g{\left(x \right)} = \cos{\left(x \right)}$$$の合成$$$f{\left(g{\left(x \right)} \right)}$$$である。

連鎖律 $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(f{\left(g{\left(x \right)} \right)}\right) = \frac{d}{du} \left(f{\left(u \right)}\right) \frac{d}{dx} \left(g{\left(x \right)}\right)$$$ を適用する:

$${\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(\ln\left(\cos{\left(x \right)}\right)\right)\right)} + \frac{d}{dx} \left(4 \ln\left(x\right)\right) = {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{du} \left(\ln\left(u\right)\right) \frac{d}{dx} \left(\cos{\left(x \right)}\right)\right)} + \frac{d}{dx} \left(4 \ln\left(x\right)\right)$$

自然対数の導関数は $$$\frac{d}{du} \left(\ln\left(u\right)\right) = \frac{1}{u}$$$:

$${\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{du} \left(\ln\left(u\right)\right)\right)} \frac{d}{dx} \left(\cos{\left(x \right)}\right) + \frac{d}{dx} \left(4 \ln\left(x\right)\right) = {\color{red}\left(\frac{1}{u}\right)} \frac{d}{dx} \left(\cos{\left(x \right)}\right) + \frac{d}{dx} \left(4 \ln\left(x\right)\right)$$

元の変数に戻す:

$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(4 \ln\left(x\right)\right) + \frac{\frac{d}{dx} \left(\cos{\left(x \right)}\right)}{{\color{red}\left(u\right)}} = \frac{d}{dx} \left(4 \ln\left(x\right)\right) + \frac{\frac{d}{dx} \left(\cos{\left(x \right)}\right)}{{\color{red}\left(\cos{\left(x \right)}\right)}}$$

余弦関数の導関数は$$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(\cos{\left(x \right)}\right) = - \sin{\left(x \right)}$$$:

$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(4 \ln\left(x\right)\right) + \frac{{\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(\cos{\left(x \right)}\right)\right)}}{\cos{\left(x \right)}} = \frac{d}{dx} \left(4 \ln\left(x\right)\right) + \frac{{\color{red}\left(- \sin{\left(x \right)}\right)}}{\cos{\left(x \right)}}$$

定数倍の法則 $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(c f{\left(x \right)}\right) = c \frac{d}{dx} \left(f{\left(x \right)}\right)$$$ を $$$c = 4$$$ と $$$f{\left(x \right)} = \ln\left(x\right)$$$ に対して適用します:

$$- \frac{\sin{\left(x \right)}}{\cos{\left(x \right)}} + {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(4 \ln\left(x\right)\right)\right)} = - \frac{\sin{\left(x \right)}}{\cos{\left(x \right)}} + {\color{red}\left(4 \frac{d}{dx} \left(\ln\left(x\right)\right)\right)}$$

自然対数の導関数は $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(\ln\left(x\right)\right) = \frac{1}{x}$$$:

$$- \frac{\sin{\left(x \right)}}{\cos{\left(x \right)}} + 4 {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(\ln\left(x\right)\right)\right)} = - \frac{\sin{\left(x \right)}}{\cos{\left(x \right)}} + 4 {\color{red}\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)}$$

簡単化せよ:

$$- \frac{\sin{\left(x \right)}}{\cos{\left(x \right)}} + \frac{4}{x} = - \tan{\left(x \right)} + \frac{4}{x}$$

したがって、$$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(4 \ln\left(x\right) + \ln\left(\cos{\left(x \right)}\right)\right) = - \tan{\left(x \right)} + \frac{4}{x}$$$。

したがって、$$$\frac{\frac{d}{dx} \left(H{\left(x \right)}\right)}{H{\left(x \right)}} = - \tan{\left(x \right)} + \frac{4}{x}$$$。

したがって、$$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(H{\left(x \right)}\right) = \left(- \tan{\left(x \right)} + \frac{4}{x}\right) H{\left(x \right)} = x^{3} \left(- x \tan{\left(x \right)} + 4\right) \cos{\left(x \right)}$$$。