$$$1 - e^{- \frac{y^{2}}{2}}$$$ 的积分
您的输入
求$$$\int \left(1 - e^{- \frac{y^{2}}{2}}\right)\, dy$$$。
解答
逐项积分:
$${\color{red}{\int{\left(1 - e^{- \frac{y^{2}}{2}}\right)d y}}} = {\color{red}{\left(\int{1 d y} - \int{e^{- \frac{y^{2}}{2}} d y}\right)}}$$
应用常数法则 $$$\int c\, dy = c y$$$,使用 $$$c=1$$$:
$$- \int{e^{- \frac{y^{2}}{2}} d y} + {\color{red}{\int{1 d y}}} = - \int{e^{- \frac{y^{2}}{2}} d y} + {\color{red}{y}}$$
设$$$u=\frac{\sqrt{2} y}{2}$$$。
则$$$du=\left(\frac{\sqrt{2} y}{2}\right)^{\prime }dy = \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} dy$$$ (步骤见»),并有$$$dy = \sqrt{2} du$$$。
因此,
$$y - {\color{red}{\int{e^{- \frac{y^{2}}{2}} d y}}} = y - {\color{red}{\int{\sqrt{2} e^{- u^{2}} d u}}}$$
对 $$$c=\sqrt{2}$$$ 和 $$$f{\left(u \right)} = e^{- u^{2}}$$$ 应用常数倍法则 $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$:
$$y - {\color{red}{\int{\sqrt{2} e^{- u^{2}} d u}}} = y - {\color{red}{\sqrt{2} \int{e^{- u^{2}} d u}}}$$
该积分(误差函数)没有闭式表达式:
$$y - \sqrt{2} {\color{red}{\int{e^{- u^{2}} d u}}} = y - \sqrt{2} {\color{red}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{\pi} \operatorname{erf}{\left(u \right)}}{2}\right)}}$$
回忆一下 $$$u=\frac{\sqrt{2} y}{2}$$$:
$$y - \frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt{\pi} \operatorname{erf}{\left({\color{red}{u}} \right)}}{2} = y - \frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt{\pi} \operatorname{erf}{\left({\color{red}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{2} y}{2}\right)}} \right)}}{2}$$
因此,
$$\int{\left(1 - e^{- \frac{y^{2}}{2}}\right)d y} = y - \frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt{\pi} \operatorname{erf}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{2} y}{2} \right)}}{2}$$
加上积分常数:
$$\int{\left(1 - e^{- \frac{y^{2}}{2}}\right)d y} = y - \frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt{\pi} \operatorname{erf}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{2} y}{2} \right)}}{2}+C$$
答案
$$$\int \left(1 - e^{- \frac{y^{2}}{2}}\right)\, dy = \left(y - \frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt{\pi} \operatorname{erf}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{2} y}{2} \right)}}{2}\right) + C$$$A