$$$\frac{2 t - 7}{t - 8}$$$ 的积分

求$$$\int \frac{2 t - 7}{t - 8}\, dt$$$。

将被积函数的分子改写为 $$$2 t - 7=2\left(t - 8\right)+9$$$，并将分式拆分:

$${\color{red}{\int{\frac{2 t - 7}{t - 8} d t}}} = {\color{red}{\int{\left(2 + \frac{9}{t - 8}\right)d t}}}$$

逐项积分：

$${\color{red}{\int{\left(2 + \frac{9}{t - 8}\right)d t}}} = {\color{red}{\left(\int{2 d t} + \int{\frac{9}{t - 8} d t}\right)}}$$

应用常数法则 $$$\int c\, dt = c t$$$，使用 $$$c=2$$$：

$$\int{\frac{9}{t - 8} d t} + {\color{red}{\int{2 d t}}} = \int{\frac{9}{t - 8} d t} + {\color{red}{\left(2 t\right)}}$$

对 $$$c=9$$$ 和 $$$f{\left(t \right)} = \frac{1}{t - 8}$$$ 应用常数倍法则 $$$\int c f{\left(t \right)}\, dt = c \int f{\left(t \right)}\, dt$$$：

$$2 t + {\color{red}{\int{\frac{9}{t - 8} d t}}} = 2 t + {\color{red}{\left(9 \int{\frac{1}{t - 8} d t}\right)}}$$

设$$$u=t - 8$$$。

则$$$du=\left(t - 8\right)^{\prime }dt = 1 dt$$$ (步骤见»)，并有$$$dt = du$$$。

该积分可以改写为

$$2 t + 9 {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{t - 8} d t}}} = 2 t + 9 {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{u} d u}}}$$

$$$\frac{1}{u}$$$ 的积分为 $$$\int{\frac{1}{u} d u} = \ln{\left(\left|{u}\right| \right)}$$$:

$$2 t + 9 {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{u} d u}}} = 2 t + 9 {\color{red}{\ln{\left(\left|{u}\right| \right)}}}$$

回忆一下 $$$u=t - 8$$$:

$$2 t + 9 \ln{\left(\left|{{\color{red}{u}}}\right| \right)} = 2 t + 9 \ln{\left(\left|{{\color{red}{\left(t - 8\right)}}}\right| \right)}$$

因此，

$$\int{\frac{2 t - 7}{t - 8} d t} = 2 t + 9 \ln{\left(\left|{t - 8}\right| \right)}$$

加上积分常数：

$$\int{\frac{2 t - 7}{t - 8} d t} = 2 t + 9 \ln{\left(\left|{t - 8}\right| \right)}+C$$

$$$\int \frac{2 t - 7}{t - 8}\, dt = \left(2 t + 9 \ln\left(\left|{t - 8}\right|\right)\right) + C$$$A