Integral de $$$a^{- x}$$$ em relação a $$$x$$$

Encontre $$$\int a^{- x}\, dx$$$.

Seja $$$u=- x$$$.

Então $$$du=\left(- x\right)^{\prime }dx = - dx$$$ (veja os passos »), e obtemos $$$dx = - du$$$.

A integral torna-se

$${\color{red}{\int{a^{- x} d x}}} = {\color{red}{\int{\left(- a^{u}\right)d u}}}$$

Aplique a regra do múltiplo constante $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$ usando $$$c=-1$$$ e $$$f{\left(u \right)} = a^{u}$$$:

$${\color{red}{\int{\left(- a^{u}\right)d u}}} = {\color{red}{\left(- \int{a^{u} d u}\right)}}$$

Apply the exponential rule $$$\int{a^{u} d u} = \frac{a^{u}}{\ln{\left(a \right)}}$$$ with $$$a=a$$$:

$$- {\color{red}{\int{a^{u} d u}}} = - {\color{red}{\frac{a^{u}}{\ln{\left(a \right)}}}}$$

Recorde que $$$u=- x$$$:

$$- \frac{a^{{\color{red}{u}}}}{\ln{\left(a \right)}} = - \frac{a^{{\color{red}{\left(- x\right)}}}}{\ln{\left(a \right)}}$$

Portanto,

$$\int{a^{- x} d x} = - \frac{a^{- x}}{\ln{\left(a \right)}}$$

Adicione a constante de integração:

$$\int{a^{- x} d x} = - \frac{a^{- x}}{\ln{\left(a \right)}}+C$$

$$$\int a^{- x}\, dx = - \frac{a^{- x}}{\ln\left(a\right)} + C$$$A