Integraal van $$$a^{- x}$$$ met betrekking tot $$$x$$$

Bepaal $$$\int a^{- x}\, dx$$$.

Zij $$$u=- x$$$.

Dan $$$du=\left(- x\right)^{\prime }dx = - dx$$$ (de stappen zijn te zien »), en dan geldt dat $$$dx = - du$$$.

Dus,

$${\color{red}{\int{a^{- x} d x}}} = {\color{red}{\int{\left(- a^{u}\right)d u}}}$$

Pas de constante-veelvoudregel $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$ toe met $$$c=-1$$$ en $$$f{\left(u \right)} = a^{u}$$$:

$${\color{red}{\int{\left(- a^{u}\right)d u}}} = {\color{red}{\left(- \int{a^{u} d u}\right)}}$$

Apply the exponential rule $$$\int{a^{u} d u} = \frac{a^{u}}{\ln{\left(a \right)}}$$$ with $$$a=a$$$:

$$- {\color{red}{\int{a^{u} d u}}} = - {\color{red}{\frac{a^{u}}{\ln{\left(a \right)}}}}$$

We herinneren eraan dat $$$u=- x$$$:

$$- \frac{a^{{\color{red}{u}}}}{\ln{\left(a \right)}} = - \frac{a^{{\color{red}{\left(- x\right)}}}}{\ln{\left(a \right)}}$$

Dus,

$$\int{a^{- x} d x} = - \frac{a^{- x}}{\ln{\left(a \right)}}$$

Voeg de integratieconstante toe:

$$\int{a^{- x} d x} = - \frac{a^{- x}}{\ln{\left(a \right)}}+C$$

$$$\int a^{- x}\, dx = - \frac{a^{- x}}{\ln\left(a\right)} + C$$$A