Integraal van $$$\frac{1}{\left(1 - x\right)^{2}}$$$

Bepaal $$$\int \frac{1}{\left(1 - x\right)^{2}}\, dx$$$.

Zij $$$u=1 - x$$$.

Dan $$$du=\left(1 - x\right)^{\prime }dx = - dx$$$ (de stappen zijn te zien »), en dan geldt dat $$$dx = - du$$$.

De integraal wordt

$${\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{\left(1 - x\right)^{2}} d x}}} = {\color{red}{\int{\left(- \frac{1}{u^{2}}\right)d u}}}$$

Pas de constante-veelvoudregel $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$ toe met $$$c=-1$$$ en $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \frac{1}{u^{2}}$$$:

$${\color{red}{\int{\left(- \frac{1}{u^{2}}\right)d u}}} = {\color{red}{\left(- \int{\frac{1}{u^{2}} d u}\right)}}$$

Pas de machtsregel $$$\int u^{n}\, du = \frac{u^{n + 1}}{n + 1}$$$ $$$\left(n \neq -1 \right)$$$ toe met $$$n=-2$$$:

$$- {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{u^{2}} d u}}}=- {\color{red}{\int{u^{-2} d u}}}=- {\color{red}{\frac{u^{-2 + 1}}{-2 + 1}}}=- {\color{red}{\left(- u^{-1}\right)}}=- {\color{red}{\left(- \frac{1}{u}\right)}}$$

We herinneren eraan dat $$$u=1 - x$$$:

$${\color{red}{u}}^{-1} = {\color{red}{\left(1 - x\right)}}^{-1}$$

Dus,

$$\int{\frac{1}{\left(1 - x\right)^{2}} d x} = \frac{1}{1 - x}$$

Vereenvoudig:

$$\int{\frac{1}{\left(1 - x\right)^{2}} d x} = - \frac{1}{x - 1}$$

Voeg de integratieconstante toe:

$$\int{\frac{1}{\left(1 - x\right)^{2}} d x} = - \frac{1}{x - 1}+C$$

$$$\int \frac{1}{\left(1 - x\right)^{2}}\, dx = - \frac{1}{x - 1} + C$$$A