Integraal van $$$\frac{e^{- x}}{16 - 9 e^{- 2 x}}$$$

Bepaal $$$\int \frac{e^{- x}}{16 - 9 e^{- 2 x}}\, dx$$$.

Simplify:

$${\color{red}{\int{\frac{e^{- x}}{16 - 9 e^{- 2 x}} d x}}} = {\color{red}{\int{\frac{e^{x}}{16 e^{2 x} - 9} d x}}}$$

Zij $$$u=4 e^{x}$$$.

Dan $$$du=\left(4 e^{x}\right)^{\prime }dx = 4 e^{x} dx$$$ (de stappen zijn te zien »), en dan geldt dat $$$e^{x} dx = \frac{du}{4}$$$.

Dus,

$${\color{red}{\int{\frac{e^{x}}{16 e^{2 x} - 9} d x}}} = {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{4 \left(u^{2} - 9\right)} d u}}}$$

Pas de constante-veelvoudregel $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$ toe met $$$c=\frac{1}{4}$$$ en $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \frac{1}{u^{2} - 9}$$$:

$${\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{4 \left(u^{2} - 9\right)} d u}}} = {\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{\frac{1}{u^{2} - 9} d u}}{4}\right)}}$$

Voer een ontbinding in partiële breuken uit (stappen zijn te zien »):

$$\frac{{\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{u^{2} - 9} d u}}}}{4} = \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\left(- \frac{1}{6 \left(u + 3\right)} + \frac{1}{6 \left(u - 3\right)}\right)d u}}}}{4}$$

Integreer termgewijs:

$$\frac{{\color{red}{\int{\left(- \frac{1}{6 \left(u + 3\right)} + \frac{1}{6 \left(u - 3\right)}\right)d u}}}}{4} = \frac{{\color{red}{\left(\int{\frac{1}{6 \left(u - 3\right)} d u} - \int{\frac{1}{6 \left(u + 3\right)} d u}\right)}}}{4}$$

Pas de constante-veelvoudregel $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$ toe met $$$c=\frac{1}{6}$$$ en $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \frac{1}{u + 3}$$$:

$$\frac{\int{\frac{1}{6 \left(u - 3\right)} d u}}{4} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{6 \left(u + 3\right)} d u}}}}{4} = \frac{\int{\frac{1}{6 \left(u - 3\right)} d u}}{4} - \frac{{\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{\frac{1}{u + 3} d u}}{6}\right)}}}{4}$$

Zij $$$v=u + 3$$$.

Dan $$$dv=\left(u + 3\right)^{\prime }du = 1 du$$$ (de stappen zijn te zien »), en dan geldt dat $$$du = dv$$$.

De integraal kan worden herschreven als

$$\frac{\int{\frac{1}{6 \left(u - 3\right)} d u}}{4} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{u + 3} d u}}}}{24} = \frac{\int{\frac{1}{6 \left(u - 3\right)} d u}}{4} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{v} d v}}}}{24}$$

De integraal van $$$\frac{1}{v}$$$ is $$$\int{\frac{1}{v} d v} = \ln{\left(\left|{v}\right| \right)}$$$:

$$\frac{\int{\frac{1}{6 \left(u - 3\right)} d u}}{4} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{v} d v}}}}{24} = \frac{\int{\frac{1}{6 \left(u - 3\right)} d u}}{4} - \frac{{\color{red}{\ln{\left(\left|{v}\right| \right)}}}}{24}$$

We herinneren eraan dat $$$v=u + 3$$$:

$$- \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{{\color{red}{v}}}\right| \right)}}{24} + \frac{\int{\frac{1}{6 \left(u - 3\right)} d u}}{4} = - \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{{\color{red}{\left(u + 3\right)}}}\right| \right)}}{24} + \frac{\int{\frac{1}{6 \left(u - 3\right)} d u}}{4}$$

Pas de constante-veelvoudregel $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$ toe met $$$c=\frac{1}{6}$$$ en $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \frac{1}{u - 3}$$$:

$$- \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{u + 3}\right| \right)}}{24} + \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{6 \left(u - 3\right)} d u}}}}{4} = - \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{u + 3}\right| \right)}}{24} + \frac{{\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{\frac{1}{u - 3} d u}}{6}\right)}}}{4}$$

Zij $$$v=u - 3$$$.

Dan $$$dv=\left(u - 3\right)^{\prime }du = 1 du$$$ (de stappen zijn te zien »), en dan geldt dat $$$du = dv$$$.

Dus,

$$- \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{u + 3}\right| \right)}}{24} + \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{u - 3} d u}}}}{24} = - \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{u + 3}\right| \right)}}{24} + \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{v} d v}}}}{24}$$

De integraal van $$$\frac{1}{v}$$$ is $$$\int{\frac{1}{v} d v} = \ln{\left(\left|{v}\right| \right)}$$$:

$$- \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{u + 3}\right| \right)}}{24} + \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{v} d v}}}}{24} = - \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{u + 3}\right| \right)}}{24} + \frac{{\color{red}{\ln{\left(\left|{v}\right| \right)}}}}{24}$$

We herinneren eraan dat $$$v=u - 3$$$:

$$- \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{u + 3}\right| \right)}}{24} + \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{{\color{red}{v}}}\right| \right)}}{24} = - \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{u + 3}\right| \right)}}{24} + \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{{\color{red}{\left(u - 3\right)}}}\right| \right)}}{24}$$

We herinneren eraan dat $$$u=4 e^{x}$$$:

$$\frac{\ln{\left(\left|{-3 + {\color{red}{u}}}\right| \right)}}{24} - \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{3 + {\color{red}{u}}}\right| \right)}}{24} = \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{-3 + {\color{red}{\left(4 e^{x}\right)}}}\right| \right)}}{24} - \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{3 + {\color{red}{\left(4 e^{x}\right)}}}\right| \right)}}{24}$$

Dus,

$$\int{\frac{e^{- x}}{16 - 9 e^{- 2 x}} d x} = - \frac{\ln{\left(4 e^{x} + 3 \right)}}{24} + \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{4 e^{x} - 3}\right| \right)}}{24}$$

Voeg de integratieconstante toe:

$$\int{\frac{e^{- x}}{16 - 9 e^{- 2 x}} d x} = - \frac{\ln{\left(4 e^{x} + 3 \right)}}{24} + \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{4 e^{x} - 3}\right| \right)}}{24}+C$$

$$$\int \frac{e^{- x}}{16 - 9 e^{- 2 x}}\, dx = \left(- \frac{\ln\left(4 e^{x} + 3\right)}{24} + \frac{\ln\left(\left|{4 e^{x} - 3}\right|\right)}{24}\right) + C$$$A