Integral de $$$- 9 x e^{- 3 x}$$$

Encontre $$$\int \left(- 9 x e^{- 3 x}\right)\, dx$$$.

Aplique a regra do múltiplo constante $$$\int c f{\left(x \right)}\, dx = c \int f{\left(x \right)}\, dx$$$ usando $$$c=-9$$$ e $$$f{\left(x \right)} = x e^{- 3 x}$$$:

$${\color{red}{\int{\left(- 9 x e^{- 3 x}\right)d x}}} = {\color{red}{\left(- 9 \int{x e^{- 3 x} d x}\right)}}$$

Para a integral $$$\int{x e^{- 3 x} d x}$$$, use integração por partes $$$\int \operatorname{u} \operatorname{dv} = \operatorname{u}\operatorname{v} - \int \operatorname{v} \operatorname{du}$$$.

Sejam $$$\operatorname{u}=x$$$ e $$$\operatorname{dv}=e^{- 3 x} dx$$$.

Então $$$\operatorname{du}=\left(x\right)^{\prime }dx=1 dx$$$ (os passos podem ser vistos ») e $$$\operatorname{v}=\int{e^{- 3 x} d x}=- \frac{e^{- 3 x}}{3}$$$ (os passos podem ser vistos »).

Portanto,

$$- 9 {\color{red}{\int{x e^{- 3 x} d x}}}=- 9 {\color{red}{\left(x \cdot \left(- \frac{e^{- 3 x}}{3}\right)-\int{\left(- \frac{e^{- 3 x}}{3}\right) \cdot 1 d x}\right)}}=- 9 {\color{red}{\left(- \frac{x e^{- 3 x}}{3} - \int{\left(- \frac{e^{- 3 x}}{3}\right)d x}\right)}}$$

Aplique a regra do múltiplo constante $$$\int c f{\left(x \right)}\, dx = c \int f{\left(x \right)}\, dx$$$ usando $$$c=- \frac{1}{3}$$$ e $$$f{\left(x \right)} = e^{- 3 x}$$$:

$$3 x e^{- 3 x} + 9 {\color{red}{\int{\left(- \frac{e^{- 3 x}}{3}\right)d x}}} = 3 x e^{- 3 x} + 9 {\color{red}{\left(- \frac{\int{e^{- 3 x} d x}}{3}\right)}}$$

Seja $$$u=- 3 x$$$.

Então $$$du=\left(- 3 x\right)^{\prime }dx = - 3 dx$$$ (veja os passos »), e obtemos $$$dx = - \frac{du}{3}$$$.

Logo,

$$3 x e^{- 3 x} - 3 {\color{red}{\int{e^{- 3 x} d x}}} = 3 x e^{- 3 x} - 3 {\color{red}{\int{\left(- \frac{e^{u}}{3}\right)d u}}}$$

Aplique a regra do múltiplo constante $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$ usando $$$c=- \frac{1}{3}$$$ e $$$f{\left(u \right)} = e^{u}$$$:

$$3 x e^{- 3 x} - 3 {\color{red}{\int{\left(- \frac{e^{u}}{3}\right)d u}}} = 3 x e^{- 3 x} - 3 {\color{red}{\left(- \frac{\int{e^{u} d u}}{3}\right)}}$$

A integral da função exponencial é $$$\int{e^{u} d u} = e^{u}$$$:

$$3 x e^{- 3 x} + {\color{red}{\int{e^{u} d u}}} = 3 x e^{- 3 x} + {\color{red}{e^{u}}}$$

Recorde que $$$u=- 3 x$$$:

$$3 x e^{- 3 x} + e^{{\color{red}{u}}} = 3 x e^{- 3 x} + e^{{\color{red}{\left(- 3 x\right)}}}$$

Portanto,

$$\int{\left(- 9 x e^{- 3 x}\right)d x} = 3 x e^{- 3 x} + e^{- 3 x}$$

Simplifique:

$$\int{\left(- 9 x e^{- 3 x}\right)d x} = \left(3 x + 1\right) e^{- 3 x}$$

Adicione a constante de integração:

$$\int{\left(- 9 x e^{- 3 x}\right)d x} = \left(3 x + 1\right) e^{- 3 x}+C$$

$$$\int \left(- 9 x e^{- 3 x}\right)\, dx = \left(3 x + 1\right) e^{- 3 x} + C$$$A