Derivada de $$$\ln\left(\sqrt{x} + 2\right)$$$

A função $$$\ln\left(\sqrt{x} + 2\right)$$$ é a composição $$$f{\left(g{\left(x \right)} \right)}$$$ de duas funções $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \ln\left(u\right)$$$ e $$$g{\left(x \right)} = \sqrt{x} + 2$$$.

Aplique a regra da cadeia $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(f{\left(g{\left(x \right)} \right)}\right) = \frac{d}{du} \left(f{\left(u \right)}\right) \frac{d}{dx} \left(g{\left(x \right)}\right)$$$:

$${\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(\ln\left(\sqrt{x} + 2\right)\right)\right)} = {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{du} \left(\ln\left(u\right)\right) \frac{d}{dx} \left(\sqrt{x} + 2\right)\right)}$$

A derivada do logaritmo natural é $$$\frac{d}{du} \left(\ln\left(u\right)\right) = \frac{1}{u}$$$:

$${\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{du} \left(\ln\left(u\right)\right)\right)} \frac{d}{dx} \left(\sqrt{x} + 2\right) = {\color{red}\left(\frac{1}{u}\right)} \frac{d}{dx} \left(\sqrt{x} + 2\right)$$

Retorne à variável original:

$$\frac{\frac{d}{dx} \left(\sqrt{x} + 2\right)}{{\color{red}\left(u\right)}} = \frac{\frac{d}{dx} \left(\sqrt{x} + 2\right)}{{\color{red}\left(\sqrt{x} + 2\right)}}$$

A derivada de uma soma/diferença é a soma/diferença das derivadas:

$$\frac{{\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(\sqrt{x} + 2\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{x} + 2} = \frac{{\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(\sqrt{x}\right) + \frac{d}{dx} \left(2\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{x} + 2}$$

A derivada de uma constante é $$$0$$$:

$$\frac{{\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(2\right)\right)} + \frac{d}{dx} \left(\sqrt{x}\right)}{\sqrt{x} + 2} = \frac{{\color{red}\left(0\right)} + \frac{d}{dx} \left(\sqrt{x}\right)}{\sqrt{x} + 2}$$

Aplique a regra da potência $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(x^{n}\right) = n x^{n - 1}$$$ com $$$n = \frac{1}{2}$$$:

$$\frac{{\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(\sqrt{x}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{x} + 2} = \frac{{\color{red}\left(\frac{1}{2 \sqrt{x}}\right)}}{\sqrt{x} + 2}$$

Simplifique:

$$\frac{1}{2 \sqrt{x} \left(\sqrt{x} + 2\right)} = \frac{1}{2 \left(2 \sqrt{x} + x\right)}$$

Logo, $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(\ln\left(\sqrt{x} + 2\right)\right) = \frac{1}{2 \left(2 \sqrt{x} + x\right)}$$$.