Integraal van $$$- \frac{x}{2} - \sin{\left(e x \right)} + \cos{\left(x_{1} \right)}$$$ met betrekking tot $$$x$$$

Bepaal $$$\int \left(- \frac{x}{2} - \sin{\left(e x \right)} + \cos{\left(x_{1} \right)}\right)\, dx$$$.

Integreer termgewijs:

$${\color{red}{\int{\left(- \frac{x}{2} - \sin{\left(e x \right)} + \cos{\left(x_{1} \right)}\right)d x}}} = {\color{red}{\left(- \int{\frac{x}{2} d x} - \int{\sin{\left(e x \right)} d x} + \int{\cos{\left(x_{1} \right)} d x}\right)}}$$

Zij $$$u=e x$$$.

Dan $$$du=\left(e x\right)^{\prime }dx = e dx$$$ (de stappen zijn te zien »), en dan geldt dat $$$dx = \frac{du}{e}$$$.

De integraal wordt

$$- \int{\frac{x}{2} d x} + \int{\cos{\left(x_{1} \right)} d x} - {\color{red}{\int{\sin{\left(e x \right)} d x}}} = - \int{\frac{x}{2} d x} + \int{\cos{\left(x_{1} \right)} d x} - {\color{red}{\int{\frac{\sin{\left(u \right)}}{e} d u}}}$$

Pas de constante-veelvoudregel $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$ toe met $$$c=e^{-1}$$$ en $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \sin{\left(u \right)}$$$:

$$- \int{\frac{x}{2} d x} + \int{\cos{\left(x_{1} \right)} d x} - {\color{red}{\int{\frac{\sin{\left(u \right)}}{e} d u}}} = - \int{\frac{x}{2} d x} + \int{\cos{\left(x_{1} \right)} d x} - {\color{red}{\frac{\int{\sin{\left(u \right)} d u}}{e}}}$$

De integraal van de sinus is $$$\int{\sin{\left(u \right)} d u} = - \cos{\left(u \right)}$$$:

$$- \int{\frac{x}{2} d x} + \int{\cos{\left(x_{1} \right)} d x} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\sin{\left(u \right)} d u}}}}{e} = - \int{\frac{x}{2} d x} + \int{\cos{\left(x_{1} \right)} d x} - \frac{{\color{red}{\left(- \cos{\left(u \right)}\right)}}}{e}$$

We herinneren eraan dat $$$u=e x$$$:

$$- \int{\frac{x}{2} d x} + \int{\cos{\left(x_{1} \right)} d x} + \frac{\cos{\left({\color{red}{u}} \right)}}{e} = - \int{\frac{x}{2} d x} + \int{\cos{\left(x_{1} \right)} d x} + \frac{\cos{\left({\color{red}{e x}} \right)}}{e}$$

Pas de constante-veelvoudregel $$$\int c f{\left(x \right)}\, dx = c \int f{\left(x \right)}\, dx$$$ toe met $$$c=\frac{1}{2}$$$ en $$$f{\left(x \right)} = x$$$:

$$\frac{\cos{\left(e x \right)}}{e} + \int{\cos{\left(x_{1} \right)} d x} - {\color{red}{\int{\frac{x}{2} d x}}} = \frac{\cos{\left(e x \right)}}{e} + \int{\cos{\left(x_{1} \right)} d x} - {\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{x d x}}{2}\right)}}$$

Pas de machtsregel $$$\int x^{n}\, dx = \frac{x^{n + 1}}{n + 1}$$$ $$$\left(n \neq -1 \right)$$$ toe met $$$n=1$$$:

$$\frac{\cos{\left(e x \right)}}{e} + \int{\cos{\left(x_{1} \right)} d x} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{x d x}}}}{2}=\frac{\cos{\left(e x \right)}}{e} + \int{\cos{\left(x_{1} \right)} d x} - \frac{{\color{red}{\frac{x^{1 + 1}}{1 + 1}}}}{2}=\frac{\cos{\left(e x \right)}}{e} + \int{\cos{\left(x_{1} \right)} d x} - \frac{{\color{red}{\left(\frac{x^{2}}{2}\right)}}}{2}$$

Pas de constantenregel $$$\int c\, dx = c x$$$ toe met $$$c=\cos{\left(x_{1} \right)}$$$:

$$- \frac{x^{2}}{4} + \frac{\cos{\left(e x \right)}}{e} + {\color{red}{\int{\cos{\left(x_{1} \right)} d x}}} = - \frac{x^{2}}{4} + \frac{\cos{\left(e x \right)}}{e} + {\color{red}{x \cos{\left(x_{1} \right)}}}$$

Dus,

$$\int{\left(- \frac{x}{2} - \sin{\left(e x \right)} + \cos{\left(x_{1} \right)}\right)d x} = - \frac{x^{2}}{4} + x \cos{\left(x_{1} \right)} + \frac{\cos{\left(e x \right)}}{e}$$

Voeg de integratieconstante toe:

$$\int{\left(- \frac{x}{2} - \sin{\left(e x \right)} + \cos{\left(x_{1} \right)}\right)d x} = - \frac{x^{2}}{4} + x \cos{\left(x_{1} \right)} + \frac{\cos{\left(e x \right)}}{e}+C$$

$$$\int \left(- \frac{x}{2} - \sin{\left(e x \right)} + \cos{\left(x_{1} \right)}\right)\, dx = \left(- \frac{x^{2}}{4} + x \cos{\left(x_{1} \right)} + \frac{\cos{\left(e x \right)}}{e}\right) + C$$$A