$$$\tan{\left(x \right)} - 3 \tan^{3}{\left(3 x \right)} \cot{\left(3 x \right)} - \cot{\left(x \right)}$$$의 적분

$$$\int \left(\tan{\left(x \right)} - 3 \tan^{3}{\left(3 x \right)} \cot{\left(3 x \right)} - \cot{\left(x \right)}\right)\, dx$$$을(를) 구하시오.

각 항별로 적분하십시오:

$${\color{red}{\int{\left(\tan{\left(x \right)} - 3 \tan^{3}{\left(3 x \right)} \cot{\left(3 x \right)} - \cot{\left(x \right)}\right)d x}}} = {\color{red}{\left(- \int{3 \tan^{3}{\left(3 x \right)} \cot{\left(3 x \right)} d x} + \int{\tan{\left(x \right)} d x} - \int{\cot{\left(x \right)} d x}\right)}}$$

코탄젠트를 $$$\cot\left(x\right)=\frac{\cos\left(x\right)}{\sin\left(x\right)}$$$의 형태로 다시 쓰십시오:

$$- \int{3 \tan^{3}{\left(3 x \right)} \cot{\left(3 x \right)} d x} + \int{\tan{\left(x \right)} d x} - {\color{red}{\int{\cot{\left(x \right)} d x}}} = - \int{3 \tan^{3}{\left(3 x \right)} \cot{\left(3 x \right)} d x} + \int{\tan{\left(x \right)} d x} - {\color{red}{\int{\frac{\cos{\left(x \right)}}{\sin{\left(x \right)}} d x}}}$$

$$$u=\sin{\left(x \right)}$$$라 하자.

그러면 $$$du=\left(\sin{\left(x \right)}\right)^{\prime }dx = \cos{\left(x \right)} dx$$$ (단계는 »에서 볼 수 있습니다), 그리고 $$$\cos{\left(x \right)} dx = du$$$임을 얻습니다.

따라서,

$$- \int{3 \tan^{3}{\left(3 x \right)} \cot{\left(3 x \right)} d x} + \int{\tan{\left(x \right)} d x} - {\color{red}{\int{\frac{\cos{\left(x \right)}}{\sin{\left(x \right)}} d x}}} = - \int{3 \tan^{3}{\left(3 x \right)} \cot{\left(3 x \right)} d x} + \int{\tan{\left(x \right)} d x} - {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{u} d u}}}$$

$$$\frac{1}{u}$$$의 적분은 $$$\int{\frac{1}{u} d u} = \ln{\left(\left|{u}\right| \right)}$$$:

$$- \int{3 \tan^{3}{\left(3 x \right)} \cot{\left(3 x \right)} d x} + \int{\tan{\left(x \right)} d x} - {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{u} d u}}} = - \int{3 \tan^{3}{\left(3 x \right)} \cot{\left(3 x \right)} d x} + \int{\tan{\left(x \right)} d x} - {\color{red}{\ln{\left(\left|{u}\right| \right)}}}$$

다음 $$$u=\sin{\left(x \right)}$$$을 기억하라:

$$- \ln{\left(\left|{{\color{red}{u}}}\right| \right)} - \int{3 \tan^{3}{\left(3 x \right)} \cot{\left(3 x \right)} d x} + \int{\tan{\left(x \right)} d x} = - \ln{\left(\left|{{\color{red}{\sin{\left(x \right)}}}}\right| \right)} - \int{3 \tan^{3}{\left(3 x \right)} \cot{\left(3 x \right)} d x} + \int{\tan{\left(x \right)} d x}$$

상수배 법칙 $$$\int c f{\left(x \right)}\, dx = c \int f{\left(x \right)}\, dx$$$을 $$$c=3$$$와 $$$f{\left(x \right)} = \tan^{3}{\left(3 x \right)} \cot{\left(3 x \right)}$$$에 적용하세요:

$$- \ln{\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)} + \int{\tan{\left(x \right)} d x} - {\color{red}{\int{3 \tan^{3}{\left(3 x \right)} \cot{\left(3 x \right)} d x}}} = - \ln{\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)} + \int{\tan{\left(x \right)} d x} - {\color{red}{\left(3 \int{\tan^{3}{\left(3 x \right)} \cot{\left(3 x \right)} d x}\right)}}$$

피적분함수를 다시 쓰십시오:

$$- \ln{\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)} + \int{\tan{\left(x \right)} d x} - 3 {\color{red}{\int{\tan^{3}{\left(3 x \right)} \cot{\left(3 x \right)} d x}}} = - \ln{\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)} + \int{\tan{\left(x \right)} d x} - 3 {\color{red}{\int{\frac{\sin^{2}{\left(3 x \right)}}{\cos^{2}{\left(3 x \right)}} d x}}}$$

탄젠트로 나타내시오:

$$- \ln{\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)} + \int{\tan{\left(x \right)} d x} - 3 {\color{red}{\int{\frac{\sin^{2}{\left(3 x \right)}}{\cos^{2}{\left(3 x \right)}} d x}}} = - \ln{\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)} + \int{\tan{\left(x \right)} d x} - 3 {\color{red}{\int{\tan^{2}{\left(3 x \right)} d x}}}$$

$$$u=3 x$$$라 하자.

그러면 $$$du=\left(3 x\right)^{\prime }dx = 3 dx$$$ (단계는 »에서 볼 수 있습니다), 그리고 $$$dx = \frac{du}{3}$$$임을 얻습니다.

따라서,

$$- \ln{\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)} + \int{\tan{\left(x \right)} d x} - 3 {\color{red}{\int{\tan^{2}{\left(3 x \right)} d x}}} = - \ln{\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)} + \int{\tan{\left(x \right)} d x} - 3 {\color{red}{\int{\frac{\tan^{2}{\left(u \right)}}{3} d u}}}$$

상수배 법칙 $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$을 $$$c=\frac{1}{3}$$$와 $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \tan^{2}{\left(u \right)}$$$에 적용하세요:

$$- \ln{\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)} + \int{\tan{\left(x \right)} d x} - 3 {\color{red}{\int{\frac{\tan^{2}{\left(u \right)}}{3} d u}}} = - \ln{\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)} + \int{\tan{\left(x \right)} d x} - 3 {\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{\tan^{2}{\left(u \right)} d u}}{3}\right)}}$$

$$$v=\tan{\left(u \right)}$$$라 하자.

그러면 $$$u=\operatorname{atan}{\left(v \right)}$$$ 및 $$$du=\left(\operatorname{atan}{\left(v \right)}\right)^{\prime }dv = \frac{dv}{v^{2} + 1}$$$ (단계는 »에서 볼 수 있습니다).

따라서,

$$- \ln{\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)} + \int{\tan{\left(x \right)} d x} - {\color{red}{\int{\tan^{2}{\left(u \right)} d u}}} = - \ln{\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)} + \int{\tan{\left(x \right)} d x} - {\color{red}{\int{\frac{v^{2}}{v^{2} + 1} d v}}}$$

분수식을 다시 쓰고 분리하세요:

$$- \ln{\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)} + \int{\tan{\left(x \right)} d x} - {\color{red}{\int{\frac{v^{2}}{v^{2} + 1} d v}}} = - \ln{\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)} + \int{\tan{\left(x \right)} d x} - {\color{red}{\int{\left(1 - \frac{1}{v^{2} + 1}\right)d v}}}$$

각 항별로 적분하십시오:

$$- \ln{\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)} + \int{\tan{\left(x \right)} d x} - {\color{red}{\int{\left(1 - \frac{1}{v^{2} + 1}\right)d v}}} = - \ln{\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)} + \int{\tan{\left(x \right)} d x} - {\color{red}{\left(\int{1 d v} - \int{\frac{1}{v^{2} + 1} d v}\right)}}$$

상수 법칙 $$$\int c\, dv = c v$$$을 $$$c=1$$$에 적용하십시오:

$$- \ln{\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)} + \int{\tan{\left(x \right)} d x} + \int{\frac{1}{v^{2} + 1} d v} - {\color{red}{\int{1 d v}}} = - \ln{\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)} + \int{\tan{\left(x \right)} d x} + \int{\frac{1}{v^{2} + 1} d v} - {\color{red}{v}}$$

$$$\frac{1}{v^{2} + 1}$$$의 적분은 $$$\int{\frac{1}{v^{2} + 1} d v} = \operatorname{atan}{\left(v \right)}$$$:

$$- v - \ln{\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)} + \int{\tan{\left(x \right)} d x} + {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{v^{2} + 1} d v}}} = - v - \ln{\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)} + \int{\tan{\left(x \right)} d x} + {\color{red}{\operatorname{atan}{\left(v \right)}}}$$

다음 $$$v=\tan{\left(u \right)}$$$을 기억하라:

$$- \ln{\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)} + \int{\tan{\left(x \right)} d x} + \operatorname{atan}{\left({\color{red}{v}} \right)} - {\color{red}{v}} = - \ln{\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)} + \int{\tan{\left(x \right)} d x} + \operatorname{atan}{\left({\color{red}{\tan{\left(u \right)}}} \right)} - {\color{red}{\tan{\left(u \right)}}}$$

다음 $$$u=3 x$$$을 기억하라:

$$- \ln{\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)} + \int{\tan{\left(x \right)} d x} - \tan{\left({\color{red}{u}} \right)} + \operatorname{atan}{\left(\tan{\left({\color{red}{u}} \right)} \right)} = - \ln{\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)} + \int{\tan{\left(x \right)} d x} - \tan{\left({\color{red}{\left(3 x\right)}} \right)} + \operatorname{atan}{\left(\tan{\left({\color{red}{\left(3 x\right)}} \right)} \right)}$$

탄젠트를 $$$\tan\left(x\right)=\frac{\sin\left(x\right)}{\cos\left(x\right)}$$$ 형태로 다시 쓰십시오:

$$- \ln{\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)} - \tan{\left(3 x \right)} + \operatorname{atan}{\left(\tan{\left(3 x \right)} \right)} + {\color{red}{\int{\tan{\left(x \right)} d x}}} = - \ln{\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)} - \tan{\left(3 x \right)} + \operatorname{atan}{\left(\tan{\left(3 x \right)} \right)} + {\color{red}{\int{\frac{\sin{\left(x \right)}}{\cos{\left(x \right)}} d x}}}$$

$$$u=\cos{\left(x \right)}$$$라 하자.

그러면 $$$du=\left(\cos{\left(x \right)}\right)^{\prime }dx = - \sin{\left(x \right)} dx$$$ (단계는 »에서 볼 수 있습니다), 그리고 $$$\sin{\left(x \right)} dx = - du$$$임을 얻습니다.

적분은 다음과 같이 다시 쓸 수 있습니다.

$$- \ln{\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)} - \tan{\left(3 x \right)} + \operatorname{atan}{\left(\tan{\left(3 x \right)} \right)} + {\color{red}{\int{\frac{\sin{\left(x \right)}}{\cos{\left(x \right)}} d x}}} = - \ln{\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)} - \tan{\left(3 x \right)} + \operatorname{atan}{\left(\tan{\left(3 x \right)} \right)} + {\color{red}{\int{\left(- \frac{1}{u}\right)d u}}}$$

상수배 법칙 $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$을 $$$c=-1$$$와 $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \frac{1}{u}$$$에 적용하세요:

$$- \ln{\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)} - \tan{\left(3 x \right)} + \operatorname{atan}{\left(\tan{\left(3 x \right)} \right)} + {\color{red}{\int{\left(- \frac{1}{u}\right)d u}}} = - \ln{\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)} - \tan{\left(3 x \right)} + \operatorname{atan}{\left(\tan{\left(3 x \right)} \right)} + {\color{red}{\left(- \int{\frac{1}{u} d u}\right)}}$$

$$$\frac{1}{u}$$$의 적분은 $$$\int{\frac{1}{u} d u} = \ln{\left(\left|{u}\right| \right)}$$$:

$$- \ln{\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)} - \tan{\left(3 x \right)} + \operatorname{atan}{\left(\tan{\left(3 x \right)} \right)} - {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{u} d u}}} = - \ln{\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)} - \tan{\left(3 x \right)} + \operatorname{atan}{\left(\tan{\left(3 x \right)} \right)} - {\color{red}{\ln{\left(\left|{u}\right| \right)}}}$$

다음 $$$u=\cos{\left(x \right)}$$$을 기억하라:

$$- \ln{\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)} - \ln{\left(\left|{{\color{red}{u}}}\right| \right)} - \tan{\left(3 x \right)} + \operatorname{atan}{\left(\tan{\left(3 x \right)} \right)} = - \ln{\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)} - \ln{\left(\left|{{\color{red}{\cos{\left(x \right)}}}}\right| \right)} - \tan{\left(3 x \right)} + \operatorname{atan}{\left(\tan{\left(3 x \right)} \right)}$$

따라서,

$$\int{\left(\tan{\left(x \right)} - 3 \tan^{3}{\left(3 x \right)} \cot{\left(3 x \right)} - \cot{\left(x \right)}\right)d x} = - \ln{\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)} - \ln{\left(\left|{\cos{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)} - \tan{\left(3 x \right)} + \operatorname{atan}{\left(\tan{\left(3 x \right)} \right)}$$

간단히 하시오:

$$\int{\left(\tan{\left(x \right)} - 3 \tan^{3}{\left(3 x \right)} \cot{\left(3 x \right)} - \cot{\left(x \right)}\right)d x} = 3 x - \ln{\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)} - \ln{\left(\left|{\cos{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)} - \tan{\left(3 x \right)}$$

적분 상수를 추가하세요:

$$\int{\left(\tan{\left(x \right)} - 3 \tan^{3}{\left(3 x \right)} \cot{\left(3 x \right)} - \cot{\left(x \right)}\right)d x} = 3 x - \ln{\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)} - \ln{\left(\left|{\cos{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)} - \tan{\left(3 x \right)}+C$$

$$$\int \left(\tan{\left(x \right)} - 3 \tan^{3}{\left(3 x \right)} \cot{\left(3 x \right)} - \cot{\left(x \right)}\right)\, dx = \left(3 x - \ln\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right|\right) - \ln\left(\left|{\cos{\left(x \right)}}\right|\right) - \tan{\left(3 x \right)}\right) + C$$$A