Funktion $$$\tan^{2}{\left(x \right)}$$$ toinen derivaatta
Aiheeseen liittyvät laskurit: Derivointilaskin, Logaritmisen derivoinnin laskin
Syötteesi
Määritä $$$\frac{d^{2}}{dx^{2}} \left(\tan^{2}{\left(x \right)}\right)$$$.
Ratkaisu
Laske ensimmäinen derivaatta $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(\tan^{2}{\left(x \right)}\right)$$$
Funktio $$$\tan^{2}{\left(x \right)}$$$ on kahden funktion $$$f{\left(u \right)} = u^{2}$$$ ja $$$g{\left(x \right)} = \tan{\left(x \right)}$$$ yhdistelmä $$$f{\left(g{\left(x \right)} \right)}$$$.
Sovella ketjusääntöä $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(f{\left(g{\left(x \right)} \right)}\right) = \frac{d}{du} \left(f{\left(u \right)}\right) \frac{d}{dx} \left(g{\left(x \right)}\right)$$$:
$${\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(\tan^{2}{\left(x \right)}\right)\right)} = {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{du} \left(u^{2}\right) \frac{d}{dx} \left(\tan{\left(x \right)}\right)\right)}$$Sovella potenssisääntöä $$$\frac{d}{du} \left(u^{n}\right) = n u^{n - 1}$$$, kun $$$n = 2$$$:
$${\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{du} \left(u^{2}\right)\right)} \frac{d}{dx} \left(\tan{\left(x \right)}\right) = {\color{red}\left(2 u\right)} \frac{d}{dx} \left(\tan{\left(x \right)}\right)$$Palaa alkuperäiseen muuttujaan:
$$2 {\color{red}\left(u\right)} \frac{d}{dx} \left(\tan{\left(x \right)}\right) = 2 {\color{red}\left(\tan{\left(x \right)}\right)} \frac{d}{dx} \left(\tan{\left(x \right)}\right)$$Tangenttifunktion derivaatta on $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(\tan{\left(x \right)}\right) = \sec^{2}{\left(x \right)}$$$:
$$2 \tan{\left(x \right)} {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(\tan{\left(x \right)}\right)\right)} = 2 \tan{\left(x \right)} {\color{red}\left(\sec^{2}{\left(x \right)}\right)}$$Näin ollen, $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(\tan^{2}{\left(x \right)}\right) = 2 \tan{\left(x \right)} \sec^{2}{\left(x \right)}$$$.
Seuraavaksi $$$\frac{d^{2}}{dx^{2}} \left(\tan^{2}{\left(x \right)}\right) = \frac{d}{dx} \left(2 \tan{\left(x \right)} \sec^{2}{\left(x \right)}\right)$$$
Sovella vakion kerroinsääntöä $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(c f{\left(x \right)}\right) = c \frac{d}{dx} \left(f{\left(x \right)}\right)$$$ käyttäen $$$c = 2$$$ ja $$$f{\left(x \right)} = \tan{\left(x \right)} \sec^{2}{\left(x \right)}$$$:
$${\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(2 \tan{\left(x \right)} \sec^{2}{\left(x \right)}\right)\right)} = {\color{red}\left(2 \frac{d}{dx} \left(\tan{\left(x \right)} \sec^{2}{\left(x \right)}\right)\right)}$$Sovella tulon derivointisääntöä $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(f{\left(x \right)} g{\left(x \right)}\right) = \frac{d}{dx} \left(f{\left(x \right)}\right) g{\left(x \right)} + f{\left(x \right)} \frac{d}{dx} \left(g{\left(x \right)}\right)$$$ funktioille $$$f{\left(x \right)} = \sec^{2}{\left(x \right)}$$$ ja $$$g{\left(x \right)} = \tan{\left(x \right)}$$$:
$$2 {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(\tan{\left(x \right)} \sec^{2}{\left(x \right)}\right)\right)} = 2 {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(\sec^{2}{\left(x \right)}\right) \tan{\left(x \right)} + \sec^{2}{\left(x \right)} \frac{d}{dx} \left(\tan{\left(x \right)}\right)\right)}$$Tangenttifunktion derivaatta on $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(\tan{\left(x \right)}\right) = \sec^{2}{\left(x \right)}$$$:
$$2 \tan{\left(x \right)} \frac{d}{dx} \left(\sec^{2}{\left(x \right)}\right) + 2 \sec^{2}{\left(x \right)} {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(\tan{\left(x \right)}\right)\right)} = 2 \tan{\left(x \right)} \frac{d}{dx} \left(\sec^{2}{\left(x \right)}\right) + 2 \sec^{2}{\left(x \right)} {\color{red}\left(\sec^{2}{\left(x \right)}\right)}$$Funktio $$$\sec^{2}{\left(x \right)}$$$ on kahden funktion $$$f{\left(u \right)} = u^{2}$$$ ja $$$g{\left(x \right)} = \sec{\left(x \right)}$$$ yhdistelmä $$$f{\left(g{\left(x \right)} \right)}$$$.
Sovella ketjusääntöä $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(f{\left(g{\left(x \right)} \right)}\right) = \frac{d}{du} \left(f{\left(u \right)}\right) \frac{d}{dx} \left(g{\left(x \right)}\right)$$$:
$$2 \tan{\left(x \right)} {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(\sec^{2}{\left(x \right)}\right)\right)} + 2 \sec^{4}{\left(x \right)} = 2 \tan{\left(x \right)} {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{du} \left(u^{2}\right) \frac{d}{dx} \left(\sec{\left(x \right)}\right)\right)} + 2 \sec^{4}{\left(x \right)}$$Sovella potenssisääntöä $$$\frac{d}{du} \left(u^{n}\right) = n u^{n - 1}$$$, kun $$$n = 2$$$:
$$2 \tan{\left(x \right)} {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{du} \left(u^{2}\right)\right)} \frac{d}{dx} \left(\sec{\left(x \right)}\right) + 2 \sec^{4}{\left(x \right)} = 2 \tan{\left(x \right)} {\color{red}\left(2 u\right)} \frac{d}{dx} \left(\sec{\left(x \right)}\right) + 2 \sec^{4}{\left(x \right)}$$Palaa alkuperäiseen muuttujaan:
$$4 \tan{\left(x \right)} {\color{red}\left(u\right)} \frac{d}{dx} \left(\sec{\left(x \right)}\right) + 2 \sec^{4}{\left(x \right)} = 4 \tan{\left(x \right)} {\color{red}\left(\sec{\left(x \right)}\right)} \frac{d}{dx} \left(\sec{\left(x \right)}\right) + 2 \sec^{4}{\left(x \right)}$$Sekanttifunktion derivaatta on $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(\sec{\left(x \right)}\right) = \tan{\left(x \right)} \sec{\left(x \right)}$$$:
$$4 \tan{\left(x \right)} \sec{\left(x \right)} {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(\sec{\left(x \right)}\right)\right)} + 2 \sec^{4}{\left(x \right)} = 4 \tan{\left(x \right)} \sec{\left(x \right)} {\color{red}\left(\tan{\left(x \right)} \sec{\left(x \right)}\right)} + 2 \sec^{4}{\left(x \right)}$$Sievennä:
$$4 \tan^{2}{\left(x \right)} \sec^{2}{\left(x \right)} + 2 \sec^{4}{\left(x \right)} = \left(-4 + \frac{6}{\cos^{2}{\left(x \right)}}\right) \sec^{2}{\left(x \right)}$$Näin ollen, $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(2 \tan{\left(x \right)} \sec^{2}{\left(x \right)}\right) = \left(-4 + \frac{6}{\cos^{2}{\left(x \right)}}\right) \sec^{2}{\left(x \right)}$$$.
Siispä $$$\frac{d^{2}}{dx^{2}} \left(\tan^{2}{\left(x \right)}\right) = \left(-4 + \frac{6}{\cos^{2}{\left(x \right)}}\right) \sec^{2}{\left(x \right)}$$$.
Vastaus
$$$\frac{d^{2}}{dx^{2}} \left(\tan^{2}{\left(x \right)}\right) = \left(-4 + \frac{6}{\cos^{2}{\left(x \right)}}\right) \sec^{2}{\left(x \right)}$$$A