Derivada de $$$\ln\left(x + \sqrt{x^{2} + 1}\right)$$$

Halla $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(\ln\left(x + \sqrt{x^{2} + 1}\right)\right)$$$.

La función $$$\ln\left(x + \sqrt{x^{2} + 1}\right)$$$ es la composición $$$f{\left(g{\left(x \right)} \right)}$$$ de dos funciones $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \ln\left(u\right)$$$ y $$$g{\left(x \right)} = x + \sqrt{x^{2} + 1}$$$.

Aplica la regla de la cadena $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(f{\left(g{\left(x \right)} \right)}\right) = \frac{d}{du} \left(f{\left(u \right)}\right) \frac{d}{dx} \left(g{\left(x \right)}\right)$$$:

$${\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(\ln\left(x + \sqrt{x^{2} + 1}\right)\right)\right)} = {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{du} \left(\ln\left(u\right)\right) \frac{d}{dx} \left(x + \sqrt{x^{2} + 1}\right)\right)}$$

La derivada del logaritmo natural es $$$\frac{d}{du} \left(\ln\left(u\right)\right) = \frac{1}{u}$$$:

$${\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{du} \left(\ln\left(u\right)\right)\right)} \frac{d}{dx} \left(x + \sqrt{x^{2} + 1}\right) = {\color{red}\left(\frac{1}{u}\right)} \frac{d}{dx} \left(x + \sqrt{x^{2} + 1}\right)$$

Volver a la variable original:

$$\frac{\frac{d}{dx} \left(x + \sqrt{x^{2} + 1}\right)}{{\color{red}\left(u\right)}} = \frac{\frac{d}{dx} \left(x + \sqrt{x^{2} + 1}\right)}{{\color{red}\left(x + \sqrt{x^{2} + 1}\right)}}$$

La derivada de una suma/diferencia es la suma/diferencia de las derivadas:

$$\frac{{\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(x + \sqrt{x^{2} + 1}\right)\right)}}{x + \sqrt{x^{2} + 1}} = \frac{{\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(x\right) + \frac{d}{dx} \left(\sqrt{x^{2} + 1}\right)\right)}}{x + \sqrt{x^{2} + 1}}$$

Aplica la regla de la potencia $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(x^{n}\right) = n x^{n - 1}$$$ con $$$n = 1$$$, en otras palabras, $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(x\right) = 1$$$:

$$\frac{{\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(x\right)\right)} + \frac{d}{dx} \left(\sqrt{x^{2} + 1}\right)}{x + \sqrt{x^{2} + 1}} = \frac{{\color{red}\left(1\right)} + \frac{d}{dx} \left(\sqrt{x^{2} + 1}\right)}{x + \sqrt{x^{2} + 1}}$$

La función $$$\sqrt{x^{2} + 1}$$$ es la composición $$$f{\left(g{\left(x \right)} \right)}$$$ de dos funciones $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \sqrt{u}$$$ y $$$g{\left(x \right)} = x^{2} + 1$$$.

Aplica la regla de la cadena $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(f{\left(g{\left(x \right)} \right)}\right) = \frac{d}{du} \left(f{\left(u \right)}\right) \frac{d}{dx} \left(g{\left(x \right)}\right)$$$:

$$\frac{{\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(\sqrt{x^{2} + 1}\right)\right)} + 1}{x + \sqrt{x^{2} + 1}} = \frac{{\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{du} \left(\sqrt{u}\right) \frac{d}{dx} \left(x^{2} + 1\right)\right)} + 1}{x + \sqrt{x^{2} + 1}}$$

Aplica la regla de la potencia $$$\frac{d}{du} \left(u^{n}\right) = n u^{n - 1}$$$ con $$$n = \frac{1}{2}$$$:

$$\frac{{\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{du} \left(\sqrt{u}\right)\right)} \frac{d}{dx} \left(x^{2} + 1\right) + 1}{x + \sqrt{x^{2} + 1}} = \frac{{\color{red}\left(\frac{1}{2 \sqrt{u}}\right)} \frac{d}{dx} \left(x^{2} + 1\right) + 1}{x + \sqrt{x^{2} + 1}}$$

Volver a la variable original:

$$\frac{1 + \frac{\frac{d}{dx} \left(x^{2} + 1\right)}{2 \sqrt{{\color{red}\left(u\right)}}}}{x + \sqrt{x^{2} + 1}} = \frac{1 + \frac{\frac{d}{dx} \left(x^{2} + 1\right)}{2 \sqrt{{\color{red}\left(x^{2} + 1\right)}}}}{x + \sqrt{x^{2} + 1}}$$

La derivada de una suma/diferencia es la suma/diferencia de las derivadas:

$$\frac{1 + \frac{{\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(x^{2} + 1\right)\right)}}{2 \sqrt{x^{2} + 1}}}{x + \sqrt{x^{2} + 1}} = \frac{1 + \frac{{\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(x^{2}\right) + \frac{d}{dx} \left(1\right)\right)}}{2 \sqrt{x^{2} + 1}}}{x + \sqrt{x^{2} + 1}}$$

La derivada de una constante es $$$0$$$:

$$\frac{1 + \frac{{\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(1\right)\right)} + \frac{d}{dx} \left(x^{2}\right)}{2 \sqrt{x^{2} + 1}}}{x + \sqrt{x^{2} + 1}} = \frac{1 + \frac{{\color{red}\left(0\right)} + \frac{d}{dx} \left(x^{2}\right)}{2 \sqrt{x^{2} + 1}}}{x + \sqrt{x^{2} + 1}}$$

Aplica la regla de la potencia $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(x^{n}\right) = n x^{n - 1}$$$ con $$$n = 2$$$:

$$\frac{1 + \frac{{\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(x^{2}\right)\right)}}{2 \sqrt{x^{2} + 1}}}{x + \sqrt{x^{2} + 1}} = \frac{1 + \frac{{\color{red}\left(2 x\right)}}{2 \sqrt{x^{2} + 1}}}{x + \sqrt{x^{2} + 1}}$$

Simplificar:

$$\frac{\frac{x}{\sqrt{x^{2} + 1}} + 1}{x + \sqrt{x^{2} + 1}} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{x^{2} + 1}}$$

Por lo tanto, $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(\ln\left(x + \sqrt{x^{2} + 1}\right)\right) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{x^{2} + 1}}$$$.