Integral von $$$\frac{x^{3}}{\left(1 - x^{4}\right)^{2}}$$$

Bestimme $$$\int \frac{x^{3}}{\left(1 - x^{4}\right)^{2}}\, dx$$$.

Sei $$$u=1 - x^{4}$$$.

Dann $$$du=\left(1 - x^{4}\right)^{\prime }dx = - 4 x^{3} dx$$$ (die Schritte sind » zu sehen), und es gilt $$$x^{3} dx = - \frac{du}{4}$$$.

Somit,

$${\color{red}{\int{\frac{x^{3}}{\left(1 - x^{4}\right)^{2}} d x}}} = {\color{red}{\int{\left(- \frac{1}{4 u^{2}}\right)d u}}}$$

Wende die Konstantenfaktorregel $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$ mit $$$c=- \frac{1}{4}$$$ und $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \frac{1}{u^{2}}$$$ an:

$${\color{red}{\int{\left(- \frac{1}{4 u^{2}}\right)d u}}} = {\color{red}{\left(- \frac{\int{\frac{1}{u^{2}} d u}}{4}\right)}}$$

Wenden Sie die Potenzregel $$$\int u^{n}\, du = \frac{u^{n + 1}}{n + 1}$$$ $$$\left(n \neq -1 \right)$$$ mit $$$n=-2$$$ an:

$$- \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{u^{2}} d u}}}}{4}=- \frac{{\color{red}{\int{u^{-2} d u}}}}{4}=- \frac{{\color{red}{\frac{u^{-2 + 1}}{-2 + 1}}}}{4}=- \frac{{\color{red}{\left(- u^{-1}\right)}}}{4}=- \frac{{\color{red}{\left(- \frac{1}{u}\right)}}}{4}$$

Zur Erinnerung: $$$u=1 - x^{4}$$$:

$$\frac{{\color{red}{u}}^{-1}}{4} = \frac{{\color{red}{\left(1 - x^{4}\right)}}^{-1}}{4}$$

Daher,

$$\int{\frac{x^{3}}{\left(1 - x^{4}\right)^{2}} d x} = \frac{1}{4 \left(1 - x^{4}\right)}$$

Vereinfachen:

$$\int{\frac{x^{3}}{\left(1 - x^{4}\right)^{2}} d x} = - \frac{1}{4 x^{4} - 4}$$

Fügen Sie die Integrationskonstante hinzu:

$$\int{\frac{x^{3}}{\left(1 - x^{4}\right)^{2}} d x} = - \frac{1}{4 x^{4} - 4}+C$$

$$$\int \frac{x^{3}}{\left(1 - x^{4}\right)^{2}}\, dx = - \frac{1}{4 x^{4} - 4} + C$$$A