Integral of $$$\frac{e^{x}}{16 - 9 e^{2 x}}$$$

Find $$$\int \frac{e^{x}}{16 - 9 e^{2 x}}\, dx$$$.

Let $$$u=e^{x}$$$.

Then $$$du=\left(e^{x}\right)^{\prime }dx = e^{x} dx$$$ (steps can be seen »), and we have that $$$e^{x} dx = du$$$.

Therefore,

$${\color{red}{\int{\frac{e^{x}}{16 - 9 e^{2 x}} d x}}} = {\color{red}{\int{\left(- \frac{1}{9 u^{2} - 16}\right)d u}}}$$

Apply the constant multiple rule $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$ with $$$c=-1$$$ and $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \frac{1}{9 u^{2} - 16}$$$:

$${\color{red}{\int{\left(- \frac{1}{9 u^{2} - 16}\right)d u}}} = {\color{red}{\left(- \int{\frac{1}{9 u^{2} - 16} d u}\right)}}$$

Perform partial fraction decomposition (steps can be seen »):

$$- {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{9 u^{2} - 16} d u}}} = - {\color{red}{\int{\left(- \frac{1}{8 \left(3 u + 4\right)} + \frac{1}{8 \left(3 u - 4\right)}\right)d u}}}$$

Integrate term by term:

$$- {\color{red}{\int{\left(- \frac{1}{8 \left(3 u + 4\right)} + \frac{1}{8 \left(3 u - 4\right)}\right)d u}}} = - {\color{red}{\left(\int{\frac{1}{8 \left(3 u - 4\right)} d u} - \int{\frac{1}{8 \left(3 u + 4\right)} d u}\right)}}$$

Apply the constant multiple rule $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$ with $$$c=\frac{1}{8}$$$ and $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \frac{1}{3 u + 4}$$$:

$$- \int{\frac{1}{8 \left(3 u - 4\right)} d u} + {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{8 \left(3 u + 4\right)} d u}}} = - \int{\frac{1}{8 \left(3 u - 4\right)} d u} + {\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{\frac{1}{3 u + 4} d u}}{8}\right)}}$$

Let $$$v=3 u + 4$$$.

Then $$$dv=\left(3 u + 4\right)^{\prime }du = 3 du$$$ (steps can be seen »), and we have that $$$du = \frac{dv}{3}$$$.

The integral becomes

$$- \int{\frac{1}{8 \left(3 u - 4\right)} d u} + \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{3 u + 4} d u}}}}{8} = - \int{\frac{1}{8 \left(3 u - 4\right)} d u} + \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{3 v} d v}}}}{8}$$

Apply the constant multiple rule $$$\int c f{\left(v \right)}\, dv = c \int f{\left(v \right)}\, dv$$$ with $$$c=\frac{1}{3}$$$ and $$$f{\left(v \right)} = \frac{1}{v}$$$:

$$- \int{\frac{1}{8 \left(3 u - 4\right)} d u} + \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{3 v} d v}}}}{8} = - \int{\frac{1}{8 \left(3 u - 4\right)} d u} + \frac{{\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{\frac{1}{v} d v}}{3}\right)}}}{8}$$

The integral of $$$\frac{1}{v}$$$ is $$$\int{\frac{1}{v} d v} = \ln{\left(\left|{v}\right| \right)}$$$:

$$- \int{\frac{1}{8 \left(3 u - 4\right)} d u} + \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{v} d v}}}}{24} = - \int{\frac{1}{8 \left(3 u - 4\right)} d u} + \frac{{\color{red}{\ln{\left(\left|{v}\right| \right)}}}}{24}$$

Recall that $$$v=3 u + 4$$$:

$$\frac{\ln{\left(\left|{{\color{red}{v}}}\right| \right)}}{24} - \int{\frac{1}{8 \left(3 u - 4\right)} d u} = \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{{\color{red}{\left(3 u + 4\right)}}}\right| \right)}}{24} - \int{\frac{1}{8 \left(3 u - 4\right)} d u}$$

Apply the constant multiple rule $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$ with $$$c=\frac{1}{8}$$$ and $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \frac{1}{3 u - 4}$$$:

$$\frac{\ln{\left(\left|{3 u + 4}\right| \right)}}{24} - {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{8 \left(3 u - 4\right)} d u}}} = \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{3 u + 4}\right| \right)}}{24} - {\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{\frac{1}{3 u - 4} d u}}{8}\right)}}$$

Let $$$v=3 u - 4$$$.

Then $$$dv=\left(3 u - 4\right)^{\prime }du = 3 du$$$ (steps can be seen »), and we have that $$$du = \frac{dv}{3}$$$.

Therefore,

$$\frac{\ln{\left(\left|{3 u + 4}\right| \right)}}{24} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{3 u - 4} d u}}}}{8} = \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{3 u + 4}\right| \right)}}{24} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{3 v} d v}}}}{8}$$

Apply the constant multiple rule $$$\int c f{\left(v \right)}\, dv = c \int f{\left(v \right)}\, dv$$$ with $$$c=\frac{1}{3}$$$ and $$$f{\left(v \right)} = \frac{1}{v}$$$:

$$\frac{\ln{\left(\left|{3 u + 4}\right| \right)}}{24} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{3 v} d v}}}}{8} = \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{3 u + 4}\right| \right)}}{24} - \frac{{\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{\frac{1}{v} d v}}{3}\right)}}}{8}$$

The integral of $$$\frac{1}{v}$$$ is $$$\int{\frac{1}{v} d v} = \ln{\left(\left|{v}\right| \right)}$$$:

$$\frac{\ln{\left(\left|{3 u + 4}\right| \right)}}{24} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{v} d v}}}}{24} = \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{3 u + 4}\right| \right)}}{24} - \frac{{\color{red}{\ln{\left(\left|{v}\right| \right)}}}}{24}$$

Recall that $$$v=3 u - 4$$$:

$$\frac{\ln{\left(\left|{3 u + 4}\right| \right)}}{24} - \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{{\color{red}{v}}}\right| \right)}}{24} = \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{3 u + 4}\right| \right)}}{24} - \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{{\color{red}{\left(3 u - 4\right)}}}\right| \right)}}{24}$$

Recall that $$$u=e^{x}$$$:

$$- \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{-4 + 3 {\color{red}{u}}}\right| \right)}}{24} + \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{4 + 3 {\color{red}{u}}}\right| \right)}}{24} = - \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{-4 + 3 {\color{red}{e^{x}}}}\right| \right)}}{24} + \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{4 + 3 {\color{red}{e^{x}}}}\right| \right)}}{24}$$

Therefore,

$$\int{\frac{e^{x}}{16 - 9 e^{2 x}} d x} = \frac{\ln{\left(3 e^{x} + 4 \right)}}{24} - \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{3 e^{x} - 4}\right| \right)}}{24}$$

Simplify:

$$\int{\frac{e^{x}}{16 - 9 e^{2 x}} d x} = \frac{\ln{\left(3 e^{x} + 4 \right)} - \ln{\left(\left|{3 e^{x} - 4}\right| \right)}}{24}$$

Add the constant of integration:

$$\int{\frac{e^{x}}{16 - 9 e^{2 x}} d x} = \frac{\ln{\left(3 e^{x} + 4 \right)} - \ln{\left(\left|{3 e^{x} - 4}\right| \right)}}{24}+C$$

$$$\int \frac{e^{x}}{16 - 9 e^{2 x}}\, dx = \frac{\ln\left(3 e^{x} + 4\right) - \ln\left(\left|{3 e^{x} - 4}\right|\right)}{24} + C$$$A