$$$\sin^{4}{\left(x \right)} \cos^{3}{\left(x \right)}$$$ 的积分

求$$$\int \sin^{4}{\left(x \right)} \cos^{3}{\left(x \right)}\, dx$$$。

提出一个余弦，并使用公式 $$$\cos^2\left(\alpha \right)=-\sin^2\left(\alpha \right)+1$$$（令 $$$\alpha=x$$$）将其余部分用正弦表示:

$${\color{red}{\int{\sin^{4}{\left(x \right)} \cos^{3}{\left(x \right)} d x}}} = {\color{red}{\int{\left(1 - \sin^{2}{\left(x \right)}\right) \sin^{4}{\left(x \right)} \cos{\left(x \right)} d x}}}$$

设$$$u=\sin{\left(x \right)}$$$。

则$$$du=\left(\sin{\left(x \right)}\right)^{\prime }dx = \cos{\left(x \right)} dx$$$ (步骤见»)，并有$$$\cos{\left(x \right)} dx = du$$$。

因此，

$${\color{red}{\int{\left(1 - \sin^{2}{\left(x \right)}\right) \sin^{4}{\left(x \right)} \cos{\left(x \right)} d x}}} = {\color{red}{\int{u^{4} \left(1 - u^{2}\right) d u}}}$$

Expand the expression:

$${\color{red}{\int{u^{4} \left(1 - u^{2}\right) d u}}} = {\color{red}{\int{\left(- u^{6} + u^{4}\right)d u}}}$$

逐项积分：

$${\color{red}{\int{\left(- u^{6} + u^{4}\right)d u}}} = {\color{red}{\left(\int{u^{4} d u} - \int{u^{6} d u}\right)}}$$

应用幂法则 $$$\int u^{n}\, du = \frac{u^{n + 1}}{n + 1}$$$ $$$\left(n \neq -1 \right)$$$，其中 $$$n=4$$$：

$$- \int{u^{6} d u} + {\color{red}{\int{u^{4} d u}}}=- \int{u^{6} d u} + {\color{red}{\frac{u^{1 + 4}}{1 + 4}}}=- \int{u^{6} d u} + {\color{red}{\left(\frac{u^{5}}{5}\right)}}$$

应用幂法则 $$$\int u^{n}\, du = \frac{u^{n + 1}}{n + 1}$$$ $$$\left(n \neq -1 \right)$$$，其中 $$$n=6$$$：

$$\frac{u^{5}}{5} - {\color{red}{\int{u^{6} d u}}}=\frac{u^{5}}{5} - {\color{red}{\frac{u^{1 + 6}}{1 + 6}}}=\frac{u^{5}}{5} - {\color{red}{\left(\frac{u^{7}}{7}\right)}}$$

回忆一下 $$$u=\sin{\left(x \right)}$$$:

$$\frac{{\color{red}{u}}^{5}}{5} - \frac{{\color{red}{u}}^{7}}{7} = \frac{{\color{red}{\sin{\left(x \right)}}}^{5}}{5} - \frac{{\color{red}{\sin{\left(x \right)}}}^{7}}{7}$$

因此，

$$\int{\sin^{4}{\left(x \right)} \cos^{3}{\left(x \right)} d x} = - \frac{\sin^{7}{\left(x \right)}}{7} + \frac{\sin^{5}{\left(x \right)}}{5}$$

加上积分常数：

$$\int{\sin^{4}{\left(x \right)} \cos^{3}{\left(x \right)} d x} = - \frac{\sin^{7}{\left(x \right)}}{7} + \frac{\sin^{5}{\left(x \right)}}{5}+C$$

$$$\int \sin^{4}{\left(x \right)} \cos^{3}{\left(x \right)}\, dx = \left(- \frac{\sin^{7}{\left(x \right)}}{7} + \frac{\sin^{5}{\left(x \right)}}{5}\right) + C$$$A