$$$\sin{\left(\frac{x}{2} - 1 \right)}$$$的导数

函数$$$\sin{\left(\frac{x}{2} - 1 \right)}$$$是两个函数$$$f{\left(u \right)} = \sin{\left(u \right)}$$$和$$$g{\left(x \right)} = \frac{x}{2} - 1$$$的复合$$$f{\left(g{\left(x \right)} \right)}$$$。

应用链式法则 $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(f{\left(g{\left(x \right)} \right)}\right) = \frac{d}{du} \left(f{\left(u \right)}\right) \frac{d}{dx} \left(g{\left(x \right)}\right)$$$：

$${\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(\sin{\left(\frac{x}{2} - 1 \right)}\right)\right)} = {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{du} \left(\sin{\left(u \right)}\right) \frac{d}{dx} \left(\frac{x}{2} - 1\right)\right)}$$

正弦函数的导数为 $$$\frac{d}{du} \left(\sin{\left(u \right)}\right) = \cos{\left(u \right)}$$$:

$${\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{du} \left(\sin{\left(u \right)}\right)\right)} \frac{d}{dx} \left(\frac{x}{2} - 1\right) = {\color{red}\left(\cos{\left(u \right)}\right)} \frac{d}{dx} \left(\frac{x}{2} - 1\right)$$

返回到原变量：

$$\cos{\left({\color{red}\left(u\right)} \right)} \frac{d}{dx} \left(\frac{x}{2} - 1\right) = \cos{\left({\color{red}\left(\frac{x}{2} - 1\right)} \right)} \frac{d}{dx} \left(\frac{x}{2} - 1\right)$$

和/差的导数等于导数的和/差：

$$\cos{\left(\frac{x}{2} - 1 \right)} {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(\frac{x}{2} - 1\right)\right)} = \cos{\left(\frac{x}{2} - 1 \right)} {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(\frac{x}{2}\right) - \frac{d}{dx} \left(1\right)\right)}$$

常数的导数是$$$0$$$:

$$\left(- {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(1\right)\right)} + \frac{d}{dx} \left(\frac{x}{2}\right)\right) \cos{\left(\frac{x}{2} - 1 \right)} = \left(- {\color{red}\left(0\right)} + \frac{d}{dx} \left(\frac{x}{2}\right)\right) \cos{\left(\frac{x}{2} - 1 \right)}$$

对 $$$c = \frac{1}{2}$$$ 和 $$$f{\left(x \right)} = x$$$ 应用常数倍法则 $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(c f{\left(x \right)}\right) = c \frac{d}{dx} \left(f{\left(x \right)}\right)$$$：

$$\cos{\left(\frac{x}{2} - 1 \right)} {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(\frac{x}{2}\right)\right)} = \cos{\left(\frac{x}{2} - 1 \right)} {\color{red}\left(\frac{\frac{d}{dx} \left(x\right)}{2}\right)}$$

应用幂法则 $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(x^{n}\right) = n x^{n - 1}$$$，取 $$$n = 1$$$，也就是说，$$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(x\right) = 1$$$：

$$\frac{\cos{\left(\frac{x}{2} - 1 \right)} {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(x\right)\right)}}{2} = \frac{\cos{\left(\frac{x}{2} - 1 \right)} {\color{red}\left(1\right)}}{2}$$

因此，$$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(\sin{\left(\frac{x}{2} - 1 \right)}\right) = \frac{\cos{\left(\frac{x}{2} - 1 \right)}}{2}$$$。