Integralen av $$$\ln\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)$$$

Bestäm $$$\int \left(- \ln\left(x\right)\right)\, dx$$$.

Inmatningen skrivs om: $$$\int{\ln{\left(\frac{1}{x} \right)} d x}=\int{\left(- \ln{\left(x \right)}\right)d x}$$$.

Tillämpa konstantfaktorregeln $$$\int c f{\left(x \right)}\, dx = c \int f{\left(x \right)}\, dx$$$ med $$$c=-1$$$ och $$$f{\left(x \right)} = \ln{\left(x \right)}$$$:

$${\color{red}{\int{\left(- \ln{\left(x \right)}\right)d x}}} = {\color{red}{\left(- \int{\ln{\left(x \right)} d x}\right)}}$$

För integralen $$$\int{\ln{\left(x \right)} d x}$$$, använd partiell integration $$$\int \operatorname{u} \operatorname{dv} = \operatorname{u}\operatorname{v} - \int \operatorname{v} \operatorname{du}$$$.

Låt $$$\operatorname{u}=\ln{\left(x \right)}$$$ och $$$\operatorname{dv}=dx$$$.

Då gäller $$$\operatorname{du}=\left(\ln{\left(x \right)}\right)^{\prime }dx=\frac{dx}{x}$$$ (stegen kan ses ») och $$$\operatorname{v}=\int{1 d x}=x$$$ (stegen kan ses »).

Alltså,

$$- {\color{red}{\int{\ln{\left(x \right)} d x}}}=- {\color{red}{\left(\ln{\left(x \right)} \cdot x-\int{x \cdot \frac{1}{x} d x}\right)}}=- {\color{red}{\left(x \ln{\left(x \right)} - \int{1 d x}\right)}}$$

Tillämpa konstantregeln $$$\int c\, dx = c x$$$ med $$$c=1$$$:

$$- x \ln{\left(x \right)} + {\color{red}{\int{1 d x}}} = - x \ln{\left(x \right)} + {\color{red}{x}}$$

Alltså,

$$\int{\left(- \ln{\left(x \right)}\right)d x} = - x \ln{\left(x \right)} + x$$

Förenkla:

$$\int{\left(- \ln{\left(x \right)}\right)d x} = x \left(1 - \ln{\left(x \right)}\right)$$

Lägg till integrationskonstanten:

$$\int{\left(- \ln{\left(x \right)}\right)d x} = x \left(1 - \ln{\left(x \right)}\right)+C$$

$$$\int \left(- \ln\left(x\right)\right)\, dx = x \left(1 - \ln\left(x\right)\right) + C$$$A