Integral de $$$\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^{2} - x^{2}}}$$$ em relação a $$$x$$$

Encontre $$$\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{a^{2} - x^{2}}}\, dx$$$.

Seja $$$x=\sin{\left(u \right)} \left|{a}\right|$$$.

Então $$$dx=\left(\sin{\left(u \right)} \left|{a}\right|\right)^{\prime }du = \cos{\left(u \right)} \left|{a}\right| du$$$ (os passos podem ser vistos »).

Além disso, segue-se que $$$u=\operatorname{asin}{\left(\frac{x}{\left|{a}\right|} \right)}$$$.

O integrando torna-se

$$$\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^{2} - x^{2}}} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{- a^{2} \sin^{2}{\left( u \right)} + a^{2}}}$$$

Use a identidade $$$1 - \sin^{2}{\left( u \right)} = \cos^{2}{\left( u \right)}$$$:

$$$\frac{1}{\sqrt{- a^{2} \sin^{2}{\left( u \right)} + a^{2}}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - \sin^{2}{\left( u \right)}} \left|{a}\right|}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{\cos^{2}{\left( u \right)}} \left|{a}\right|}$$$

Supondo que $$$\cos{\left( u \right)} \ge 0$$$, obtemos o seguinte:

$$$\frac{1}{\sqrt{\cos^{2}{\left( u \right)}} \left|{a}\right|} = \frac{1}{\cos{\left( u \right)} \left|{a}\right|}$$$

Logo,

$${\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^{2} - x^{2}}} d x}}} = {\color{red}{\int{1 d u}}}$$

Aplique a regra da constante $$$\int c\, du = c u$$$ usando $$$c=1$$$:

$${\color{red}{\int{1 d u}}} = {\color{red}{u}}$$

Recorde que $$$u=\operatorname{asin}{\left(\frac{x}{\left|{a}\right|} \right)}$$$:

$${\color{red}{u}} = {\color{red}{\operatorname{asin}{\left(\frac{x}{\left|{a}\right|} \right)}}}$$

Portanto,

$$\int{\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^{2} - x^{2}}} d x} = \operatorname{asin}{\left(\frac{x}{\left|{a}\right|} \right)}$$

Adicione a constante de integração:

$$\int{\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^{2} - x^{2}}} d x} = \operatorname{asin}{\left(\frac{x}{\left|{a}\right|} \right)}+C$$

$$$\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{a^{2} - x^{2}}}\, dx = \operatorname{asin}{\left(\frac{x}{\left|{a}\right|} \right)} + C$$$A