$$$x - e^{- x^{2}}$$$ 的積分
您的輸入
求$$$\int \left(x - e^{- x^{2}}\right)\, dx$$$。
解答
逐項積分:
$${\color{red}{\int{\left(x - e^{- x^{2}}\right)d x}}} = {\color{red}{\left(\int{x d x} - \int{e^{- x^{2}} d x}\right)}}$$
套用冪次法則 $$$\int x^{n}\, dx = \frac{x^{n + 1}}{n + 1}$$$ $$$\left(n \neq -1 \right)$$$,以 $$$n=1$$$:
$$- \int{e^{- x^{2}} d x} + {\color{red}{\int{x d x}}}=- \int{e^{- x^{2}} d x} + {\color{red}{\frac{x^{1 + 1}}{1 + 1}}}=- \int{e^{- x^{2}} d x} + {\color{red}{\left(\frac{x^{2}}{2}\right)}}$$
此積分(誤差函數)不存在閉式表示:
$$\frac{x^{2}}{2} - {\color{red}{\int{e^{- x^{2}} d x}}} = \frac{x^{2}}{2} - {\color{red}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{\pi} \operatorname{erf}{\left(x \right)}}{2}\right)}}$$
因此,
$$\int{\left(x - e^{- x^{2}}\right)d x} = \frac{x^{2}}{2} - \frac{\sqrt{\pi} \operatorname{erf}{\left(x \right)}}{2}$$
化簡:
$$\int{\left(x - e^{- x^{2}}\right)d x} = \frac{x^{2} - \sqrt{\pi} \operatorname{erf}{\left(x \right)}}{2}$$
加上積分常數:
$$\int{\left(x - e^{- x^{2}}\right)d x} = \frac{x^{2} - \sqrt{\pi} \operatorname{erf}{\left(x \right)}}{2}+C$$
答案
$$$\int \left(x - e^{- x^{2}}\right)\, dx = \frac{x^{2} - \sqrt{\pi} \operatorname{erf}{\left(x \right)}}{2} + C$$$A