$$$\sin^{5}{\left(x \right)} \cos^{3}{\left(x \right)}$$$ 的積分

求$$$\int \sin^{5}{\left(x \right)} \cos^{3}{\left(x \right)}\, dx$$$。

先提出一個餘弦，並將其餘部分以正弦表示，使用公式 $$$\cos^2\left(\alpha \right)=-\sin^2\left(\alpha \right)+1$$$，令 $$$\alpha=x$$$:

$${\color{red}{\int{\sin^{5}{\left(x \right)} \cos^{3}{\left(x \right)} d x}}} = {\color{red}{\int{\left(1 - \sin^{2}{\left(x \right)}\right) \sin^{5}{\left(x \right)} \cos{\left(x \right)} d x}}}$$

令 $$$u=\sin{\left(x \right)}$$$。

則 $$$du=\left(\sin{\left(x \right)}\right)^{\prime }dx = \cos{\left(x \right)} dx$$$ (步驟見»)，並可得 $$$\cos{\left(x \right)} dx = du$$$。

該積分變為

$${\color{red}{\int{\left(1 - \sin^{2}{\left(x \right)}\right) \sin^{5}{\left(x \right)} \cos{\left(x \right)} d x}}} = {\color{red}{\int{u^{5} \left(1 - u^{2}\right) d u}}}$$

Expand the expression:

$${\color{red}{\int{u^{5} \left(1 - u^{2}\right) d u}}} = {\color{red}{\int{\left(- u^{7} + u^{5}\right)d u}}}$$

逐項積分：

$${\color{red}{\int{\left(- u^{7} + u^{5}\right)d u}}} = {\color{red}{\left(\int{u^{5} d u} - \int{u^{7} d u}\right)}}$$

套用冪次法則 $$$\int u^{n}\, du = \frac{u^{n + 1}}{n + 1}$$$ $$$\left(n \neq -1 \right)$$$，以 $$$n=5$$$：

$$- \int{u^{7} d u} + {\color{red}{\int{u^{5} d u}}}=- \int{u^{7} d u} + {\color{red}{\frac{u^{1 + 5}}{1 + 5}}}=- \int{u^{7} d u} + {\color{red}{\left(\frac{u^{6}}{6}\right)}}$$

套用冪次法則 $$$\int u^{n}\, du = \frac{u^{n + 1}}{n + 1}$$$ $$$\left(n \neq -1 \right)$$$，以 $$$n=7$$$：

$$\frac{u^{6}}{6} - {\color{red}{\int{u^{7} d u}}}=\frac{u^{6}}{6} - {\color{red}{\frac{u^{1 + 7}}{1 + 7}}}=\frac{u^{6}}{6} - {\color{red}{\left(\frac{u^{8}}{8}\right)}}$$

回顧一下 $$$u=\sin{\left(x \right)}$$$：

$$\frac{{\color{red}{u}}^{6}}{6} - \frac{{\color{red}{u}}^{8}}{8} = \frac{{\color{red}{\sin{\left(x \right)}}}^{6}}{6} - \frac{{\color{red}{\sin{\left(x \right)}}}^{8}}{8}$$

因此，

$$\int{\sin^{5}{\left(x \right)} \cos^{3}{\left(x \right)} d x} = - \frac{\sin^{8}{\left(x \right)}}{8} + \frac{\sin^{6}{\left(x \right)}}{6}$$

加上積分常數：

$$\int{\sin^{5}{\left(x \right)} \cos^{3}{\left(x \right)} d x} = - \frac{\sin^{8}{\left(x \right)}}{8} + \frac{\sin^{6}{\left(x \right)}}{6}+C$$

$$$\int \sin^{5}{\left(x \right)} \cos^{3}{\left(x \right)}\, dx = \left(- \frac{\sin^{8}{\left(x \right)}}{8} + \frac{\sin^{6}{\left(x \right)}}{6}\right) + C$$$A