$$$\sin{\left(a - x \right)}$$$ 對 $$$x$$$ 的導數

函數 $$$\sin{\left(a - x \right)}$$$ 是兩個函數 $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \sin{\left(u \right)}$$$ 與 $$$g{\left(x \right)} = a - x$$$ 之複合 $$$f{\left(g{\left(x \right)} \right)}$$$。

應用鏈式法則 $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(f{\left(g{\left(x \right)} \right)}\right) = \frac{d}{du} \left(f{\left(u \right)}\right) \frac{d}{dx} \left(g{\left(x \right)}\right)$$$：

$${\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(\sin{\left(a - x \right)}\right)\right)} = {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{du} \left(\sin{\left(u \right)}\right) \frac{d}{dx} \left(a - x\right)\right)}$$

正弦函數的導數為$$$\frac{d}{du} \left(\sin{\left(u \right)}\right) = \cos{\left(u \right)}$$$：

$${\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{du} \left(\sin{\left(u \right)}\right)\right)} \frac{d}{dx} \left(a - x\right) = {\color{red}\left(\cos{\left(u \right)}\right)} \frac{d}{dx} \left(a - x\right)$$

返回原變數：

$$\cos{\left({\color{red}\left(u\right)} \right)} \frac{d}{dx} \left(a - x\right) = \cos{\left({\color{red}\left(a - x\right)} \right)} \frac{d}{dx} \left(a - x\right)$$

和/差的導數等於導數的和/差：

$$\cos{\left(a - x \right)} {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(a - x\right)\right)} = \cos{\left(a - x \right)} {\color{red}\left(\frac{da}{dx} - \frac{d}{dx} \left(x\right)\right)}$$

套用冪次法則 $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(x^{n}\right) = n x^{n - 1}$$$，取 $$$n = 1$$$，也就是 $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(x\right) = 1$$$：

$$\left(- {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(x\right)\right)} + \frac{da}{dx}\right) \cos{\left(a - x \right)} = \left(- {\color{red}\left(1\right)} + \frac{da}{dx}\right) \cos{\left(a - x \right)}$$

常數的導數為$$$0$$$：

$$\left({\color{red}\left(\frac{da}{dx}\right)} - 1\right) \cos{\left(a - x \right)} = \left({\color{red}\left(0\right)} - 1\right) \cos{\left(a - x \right)}$$

因此，$$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(\sin{\left(a - x \right)}\right) = - \cos{\left(a - x \right)}$$$。