$$$1 - \sin{\left(\frac{t}{2} \right)}$$$ 的導數

和/差的導數等於導數的和/差：

$${\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dt} \left(1 - \sin{\left(\frac{t}{2} \right)}\right)\right)} = {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dt} \left(1\right) - \frac{d}{dt} \left(\sin{\left(\frac{t}{2} \right)}\right)\right)}$$

常數的導數為$$$0$$$：

$${\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dt} \left(1\right)\right)} - \frac{d}{dt} \left(\sin{\left(\frac{t}{2} \right)}\right) = {\color{red}\left(0\right)} - \frac{d}{dt} \left(\sin{\left(\frac{t}{2} \right)}\right)$$

函數 $$$\sin{\left(\frac{t}{2} \right)}$$$ 是兩個函數 $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \sin{\left(u \right)}$$$ 與 $$$g{\left(t \right)} = \frac{t}{2}$$$ 之複合 $$$f{\left(g{\left(t \right)} \right)}$$$。

應用鏈式法則 $$$\frac{d}{dt} \left(f{\left(g{\left(t \right)} \right)}\right) = \frac{d}{du} \left(f{\left(u \right)}\right) \frac{d}{dt} \left(g{\left(t \right)}\right)$$$：

$$- {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dt} \left(\sin{\left(\frac{t}{2} \right)}\right)\right)} = - {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{du} \left(\sin{\left(u \right)}\right) \frac{d}{dt} \left(\frac{t}{2}\right)\right)}$$

正弦函數的導數為$$$\frac{d}{du} \left(\sin{\left(u \right)}\right) = \cos{\left(u \right)}$$$：

$$- {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{du} \left(\sin{\left(u \right)}\right)\right)} \frac{d}{dt} \left(\frac{t}{2}\right) = - {\color{red}\left(\cos{\left(u \right)}\right)} \frac{d}{dt} \left(\frac{t}{2}\right)$$

返回原變數：

$$- \cos{\left({\color{red}\left(u\right)} \right)} \frac{d}{dt} \left(\frac{t}{2}\right) = - \cos{\left({\color{red}\left(\frac{t}{2}\right)} \right)} \frac{d}{dt} \left(\frac{t}{2}\right)$$

套用常數倍法則 $$$\frac{d}{dt} \left(c f{\left(t \right)}\right) = c \frac{d}{dt} \left(f{\left(t \right)}\right)$$$，使用 $$$c = \frac{1}{2}$$$ 與 $$$f{\left(t \right)} = t$$$：

$$- \cos{\left(\frac{t}{2} \right)} {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dt} \left(\frac{t}{2}\right)\right)} = - \cos{\left(\frac{t}{2} \right)} {\color{red}\left(\frac{\frac{d}{dt} \left(t\right)}{2}\right)}$$

套用冪次法則 $$$\frac{d}{dt} \left(t^{n}\right) = n t^{n - 1}$$$，取 $$$n = 1$$$，也就是 $$$\frac{d}{dt} \left(t\right) = 1$$$：

$$- \frac{\cos{\left(\frac{t}{2} \right)} {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dt} \left(t\right)\right)}}{2} = - \frac{\cos{\left(\frac{t}{2} \right)} {\color{red}\left(1\right)}}{2}$$

因此，$$$\frac{d}{dt} \left(1 - \sin{\left(\frac{t}{2} \right)}\right) = - \frac{\cos{\left(\frac{t}{2} \right)}}{2}$$$。