Integral de $$$\operatorname{atan}{\left(\frac{x}{5} \right)}$$$

Encontre $$$\int \operatorname{atan}{\left(\frac{x}{5} \right)}\, dx$$$.

Seja $$$u=\frac{x}{5}$$$.

Então $$$du=\left(\frac{x}{5}\right)^{\prime }dx = \frac{dx}{5}$$$ (veja os passos »), e obtemos $$$dx = 5 du$$$.

Logo,

$${\color{red}{\int{\operatorname{atan}{\left(\frac{x}{5} \right)} d x}}} = {\color{red}{\int{5 \operatorname{atan}{\left(u \right)} d u}}}$$

Aplique a regra do múltiplo constante $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$ usando $$$c=5$$$ e $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \operatorname{atan}{\left(u \right)}$$$:

$${\color{red}{\int{5 \operatorname{atan}{\left(u \right)} d u}}} = {\color{red}{\left(5 \int{\operatorname{atan}{\left(u \right)} d u}\right)}}$$

Para a integral $$$\int{\operatorname{atan}{\left(u \right)} d u}$$$, use integração por partes $$$\int \operatorname{g} \operatorname{dv} = \operatorname{g}\operatorname{v} - \int \operatorname{v} \operatorname{dg}$$$.

Sejam $$$\operatorname{g}=\operatorname{atan}{\left(u \right)}$$$ e $$$\operatorname{dv}=du$$$.

Então $$$\operatorname{dg}=\left(\operatorname{atan}{\left(u \right)}\right)^{\prime }du=\frac{du}{u^{2} + 1}$$$ (os passos podem ser vistos ») e $$$\operatorname{v}=\int{1 d u}=u$$$ (os passos podem ser vistos »).

A integral torna-se

$$5 {\color{red}{\int{\operatorname{atan}{\left(u \right)} d u}}}=5 {\color{red}{\left(\operatorname{atan}{\left(u \right)} \cdot u-\int{u \cdot \frac{1}{u^{2} + 1} d u}\right)}}=5 {\color{red}{\left(u \operatorname{atan}{\left(u \right)} - \int{\frac{u}{u^{2} + 1} d u}\right)}}$$

Seja $$$v=u^{2} + 1$$$.

Então $$$dv=\left(u^{2} + 1\right)^{\prime }du = 2 u du$$$ (veja os passos »), e obtemos $$$u du = \frac{dv}{2}$$$.

Logo,

$$5 u \operatorname{atan}{\left(u \right)} - 5 {\color{red}{\int{\frac{u}{u^{2} + 1} d u}}} = 5 u \operatorname{atan}{\left(u \right)} - 5 {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{2 v} d v}}}$$

Aplique a regra do múltiplo constante $$$\int c f{\left(v \right)}\, dv = c \int f{\left(v \right)}\, dv$$$ usando $$$c=\frac{1}{2}$$$ e $$$f{\left(v \right)} = \frac{1}{v}$$$:

$$5 u \operatorname{atan}{\left(u \right)} - 5 {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{2 v} d v}}} = 5 u \operatorname{atan}{\left(u \right)} - 5 {\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{\frac{1}{v} d v}}{2}\right)}}$$

A integral de $$$\frac{1}{v}$$$ é $$$\int{\frac{1}{v} d v} = \ln{\left(\left|{v}\right| \right)}$$$:

$$5 u \operatorname{atan}{\left(u \right)} - \frac{5 {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{v} d v}}}}{2} = 5 u \operatorname{atan}{\left(u \right)} - \frac{5 {\color{red}{\ln{\left(\left|{v}\right| \right)}}}}{2}$$

Recorde que $$$v=u^{2} + 1$$$:

$$5 u \operatorname{atan}{\left(u \right)} - \frac{5 \ln{\left(\left|{{\color{red}{v}}}\right| \right)}}{2} = 5 u \operatorname{atan}{\left(u \right)} - \frac{5 \ln{\left(\left|{{\color{red}{\left(u^{2} + 1\right)}}}\right| \right)}}{2}$$

Recorde que $$$u=\frac{x}{5}$$$:

$$- \frac{5 \ln{\left(1 + {\color{red}{u}}^{2} \right)}}{2} + 5 {\color{red}{u}} \operatorname{atan}{\left({\color{red}{u}} \right)} = - \frac{5 \ln{\left(1 + {\color{red}{\left(\frac{x}{5}\right)}}^{2} \right)}}{2} + 5 {\color{red}{\left(\frac{x}{5}\right)}} \operatorname{atan}{\left({\color{red}{\left(\frac{x}{5}\right)}} \right)}$$

Portanto,

$$\int{\operatorname{atan}{\left(\frac{x}{5} \right)} d x} = x \operatorname{atan}{\left(\frac{x}{5} \right)} - \frac{5 \ln{\left(\frac{x^{2}}{25} + 1 \right)}}{2}$$

Adicione a constante de integração:

$$\int{\operatorname{atan}{\left(\frac{x}{5} \right)} d x} = x \operatorname{atan}{\left(\frac{x}{5} \right)} - \frac{5 \ln{\left(\frac{x^{2}}{25} + 1 \right)}}{2}+C$$

$$$\int \operatorname{atan}{\left(\frac{x}{5} \right)}\, dx = \left(x \operatorname{atan}{\left(\frac{x}{5} \right)} - \frac{5 \ln\left(\frac{x^{2}}{25} + 1\right)}{2}\right) + C$$$A