Integral de $$$\cos{\left(\sqrt{x} \right)}$$$

Encontre $$$\int \cos{\left(\sqrt{x} \right)}\, dx$$$.

Seja $$$u=\sqrt{x}$$$.

Então $$$du=\left(\sqrt{x}\right)^{\prime }dx = \frac{1}{2 \sqrt{x}} dx$$$ (veja os passos »), e obtemos $$$\frac{dx}{\sqrt{x}} = 2 du$$$.

A integral pode ser reescrita como

$${\color{red}{\int{\cos{\left(\sqrt{x} \right)} d x}}} = {\color{red}{\int{2 u \cos{\left(u \right)} d u}}}$$

Aplique a regra do múltiplo constante $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$ usando $$$c=2$$$ e $$$f{\left(u \right)} = u \cos{\left(u \right)}$$$:

$${\color{red}{\int{2 u \cos{\left(u \right)} d u}}} = {\color{red}{\left(2 \int{u \cos{\left(u \right)} d u}\right)}}$$

Para a integral $$$\int{u \cos{\left(u \right)} d u}$$$, use integração por partes $$$\int \operatorname{g} \operatorname{dv} = \operatorname{g}\operatorname{v} - \int \operatorname{v} \operatorname{dg}$$$.

Sejam $$$\operatorname{g}=u$$$ e $$$\operatorname{dv}=\cos{\left(u \right)} du$$$.

Então $$$\operatorname{dg}=\left(u\right)^{\prime }du=1 du$$$ (os passos podem ser vistos ») e $$$\operatorname{v}=\int{\cos{\left(u \right)} d u}=\sin{\left(u \right)}$$$ (os passos podem ser vistos »).

Logo,

$$2 {\color{red}{\int{u \cos{\left(u \right)} d u}}}=2 {\color{red}{\left(u \cdot \sin{\left(u \right)}-\int{\sin{\left(u \right)} \cdot 1 d u}\right)}}=2 {\color{red}{\left(u \sin{\left(u \right)} - \int{\sin{\left(u \right)} d u}\right)}}$$

A integral do seno é $$$\int{\sin{\left(u \right)} d u} = - \cos{\left(u \right)}$$$:

$$2 u \sin{\left(u \right)} - 2 {\color{red}{\int{\sin{\left(u \right)} d u}}} = 2 u \sin{\left(u \right)} - 2 {\color{red}{\left(- \cos{\left(u \right)}\right)}}$$

Recorde que $$$u=\sqrt{x}$$$:

$$2 \cos{\left({\color{red}{u}} \right)} + 2 {\color{red}{u}} \sin{\left({\color{red}{u}} \right)} = 2 \cos{\left({\color{red}{\sqrt{x}}} \right)} + 2 {\color{red}{\sqrt{x}}} \sin{\left({\color{red}{\sqrt{x}}} \right)}$$

Portanto,

$$\int{\cos{\left(\sqrt{x} \right)} d x} = 2 \sqrt{x} \sin{\left(\sqrt{x} \right)} + 2 \cos{\left(\sqrt{x} \right)}$$

Simplifique:

$$\int{\cos{\left(\sqrt{x} \right)} d x} = 2 \left(\sqrt{x} \sin{\left(\sqrt{x} \right)} + \cos{\left(\sqrt{x} \right)}\right)$$

Adicione a constante de integração:

$$\int{\cos{\left(\sqrt{x} \right)} d x} = 2 \left(\sqrt{x} \sin{\left(\sqrt{x} \right)} + \cos{\left(\sqrt{x} \right)}\right)+C$$

$$$\int \cos{\left(\sqrt{x} \right)}\, dx = 2 \left(\sqrt{x} \sin{\left(\sqrt{x} \right)} + \cos{\left(\sqrt{x} \right)}\right) + C$$$A