Integral de $$$\frac{4}{3 x - 1}$$$

Encontre $$$\int \frac{4}{3 x - 1}\, dx$$$.

Aplique a regra do múltiplo constante $$$\int c f{\left(x \right)}\, dx = c \int f{\left(x \right)}\, dx$$$ usando $$$c=4$$$ e $$$f{\left(x \right)} = \frac{1}{3 x - 1}$$$:

$${\color{red}{\int{\frac{4}{3 x - 1} d x}}} = {\color{red}{\left(4 \int{\frac{1}{3 x - 1} d x}\right)}}$$

Seja $$$u=3 x - 1$$$.

Então $$$du=\left(3 x - 1\right)^{\prime }dx = 3 dx$$$ (veja os passos »), e obtemos $$$dx = \frac{du}{3}$$$.

Portanto,

$$4 {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{3 x - 1} d x}}} = 4 {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{3 u} d u}}}$$

Aplique a regra do múltiplo constante $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$ usando $$$c=\frac{1}{3}$$$ e $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \frac{1}{u}$$$:

$$4 {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{3 u} d u}}} = 4 {\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{\frac{1}{u} d u}}{3}\right)}}$$

A integral de $$$\frac{1}{u}$$$ é $$$\int{\frac{1}{u} d u} = \ln{\left(\left|{u}\right| \right)}$$$:

$$\frac{4 {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{u} d u}}}}{3} = \frac{4 {\color{red}{\ln{\left(\left|{u}\right| \right)}}}}{3}$$

Recorde que $$$u=3 x - 1$$$:

$$\frac{4 \ln{\left(\left|{{\color{red}{u}}}\right| \right)}}{3} = \frac{4 \ln{\left(\left|{{\color{red}{\left(3 x - 1\right)}}}\right| \right)}}{3}$$

Portanto,

$$\int{\frac{4}{3 x - 1} d x} = \frac{4 \ln{\left(\left|{3 x - 1}\right| \right)}}{3}$$

Adicione a constante de integração:

$$\int{\frac{4}{3 x - 1} d x} = \frac{4 \ln{\left(\left|{3 x - 1}\right| \right)}}{3}+C$$

$$$\int \frac{4}{3 x - 1}\, dx = \frac{4 \ln\left(\left|{3 x - 1}\right|\right)}{3} + C$$$A