Integral de $$$2 \sin{\left(3 x^{2} \right)}$$$

Encontre $$$\int 2 \sin{\left(3 x^{2} \right)}\, dx$$$.

Aplique a regra do múltiplo constante $$$\int c f{\left(x \right)}\, dx = c \int f{\left(x \right)}\, dx$$$ usando $$$c=2$$$ e $$$f{\left(x \right)} = \sin{\left(3 x^{2} \right)}$$$:

$${\color{red}{\int{2 \sin{\left(3 x^{2} \right)} d x}}} = {\color{red}{\left(2 \int{\sin{\left(3 x^{2} \right)} d x}\right)}}$$

Seja $$$u=\sqrt{3} x$$$.

Então $$$du=\left(\sqrt{3} x\right)^{\prime }dx = \sqrt{3} dx$$$ (veja os passos »), e obtemos $$$dx = \frac{\sqrt{3} du}{3}$$$.

A integral torna-se

$$2 {\color{red}{\int{\sin{\left(3 x^{2} \right)} d x}}} = 2 {\color{red}{\int{\frac{\sqrt{3} \sin{\left(u^{2} \right)}}{3} d u}}}$$

Aplique a regra do múltiplo constante $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$ usando $$$c=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}$$$ e $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \sin{\left(u^{2} \right)}$$$:

$$2 {\color{red}{\int{\frac{\sqrt{3} \sin{\left(u^{2} \right)}}{3} d u}}} = 2 {\color{red}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{3} \int{\sin{\left(u^{2} \right)} d u}}{3}\right)}}$$

Esta integral (Integral Seno de Fresnel) não possui forma fechada:

$$\frac{2 \sqrt{3} {\color{red}{\int{\sin{\left(u^{2} \right)} d u}}}}{3} = \frac{2 \sqrt{3} {\color{red}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt{\pi} S\left(\frac{\sqrt{2} u}{\sqrt{\pi}}\right)}{2}\right)}}}{3}$$

Recorde que $$$u=\sqrt{3} x$$$:

$$\frac{\sqrt{6} \sqrt{\pi} S\left(\frac{\sqrt{2} {\color{red}{u}}}{\sqrt{\pi}}\right)}{3} = \frac{\sqrt{6} \sqrt{\pi} S\left(\frac{\sqrt{2} {\color{red}{\sqrt{3} x}}}{\sqrt{\pi}}\right)}{3}$$

Portanto,

$$\int{2 \sin{\left(3 x^{2} \right)} d x} = \frac{\sqrt{6} \sqrt{\pi} S\left(\frac{\sqrt{6} x}{\sqrt{\pi}}\right)}{3}$$

Adicione a constante de integração:

$$\int{2 \sin{\left(3 x^{2} \right)} d x} = \frac{\sqrt{6} \sqrt{\pi} S\left(\frac{\sqrt{6} x}{\sqrt{\pi}}\right)}{3}+C$$

$$$\int 2 \sin{\left(3 x^{2} \right)}\, dx = \frac{\sqrt{6} \sqrt{\pi} S\left(\frac{\sqrt{6} x}{\sqrt{\pi}}\right)}{3} + C$$$A