Integral de $$$\frac{x^{2}}{x - 7}$$$

Encontre $$$\int \frac{x^{2}}{x - 7}\, dx$$$.

Como o grau do numerador não é menor que o grau do denominador, realize a divisão longa de polinômios (os passos podem ser vistos »):

$${\color{red}{\int{\frac{x^{2}}{x - 7} d x}}} = {\color{red}{\int{\left(x + 7 + \frac{49}{x - 7}\right)d x}}}$$

Integre termo a termo:

$${\color{red}{\int{\left(x + 7 + \frac{49}{x - 7}\right)d x}}} = {\color{red}{\left(\int{7 d x} + \int{x d x} + \int{\frac{49}{x - 7} d x}\right)}}$$

Aplique a regra da constante $$$\int c\, dx = c x$$$ usando $$$c=7$$$:

$$\int{x d x} + \int{\frac{49}{x - 7} d x} + {\color{red}{\int{7 d x}}} = \int{x d x} + \int{\frac{49}{x - 7} d x} + {\color{red}{\left(7 x\right)}}$$

Aplique a regra da potência $$$\int x^{n}\, dx = \frac{x^{n + 1}}{n + 1}$$$ $$$\left(n \neq -1 \right)$$$ com $$$n=1$$$:

$$7 x + \int{\frac{49}{x - 7} d x} + {\color{red}{\int{x d x}}}=7 x + \int{\frac{49}{x - 7} d x} + {\color{red}{\frac{x^{1 + 1}}{1 + 1}}}=7 x + \int{\frac{49}{x - 7} d x} + {\color{red}{\left(\frac{x^{2}}{2}\right)}}$$

Aplique a regra do múltiplo constante $$$\int c f{\left(x \right)}\, dx = c \int f{\left(x \right)}\, dx$$$ usando $$$c=49$$$ e $$$f{\left(x \right)} = \frac{1}{x - 7}$$$:

$$\frac{x^{2}}{2} + 7 x + {\color{red}{\int{\frac{49}{x - 7} d x}}} = \frac{x^{2}}{2} + 7 x + {\color{red}{\left(49 \int{\frac{1}{x - 7} d x}\right)}}$$

Seja $$$u=x - 7$$$.

Então $$$du=\left(x - 7\right)^{\prime }dx = 1 dx$$$ (veja os passos »), e obtemos $$$dx = du$$$.

Portanto,

$$\frac{x^{2}}{2} + 7 x + 49 {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{x - 7} d x}}} = \frac{x^{2}}{2} + 7 x + 49 {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{u} d u}}}$$

A integral de $$$\frac{1}{u}$$$ é $$$\int{\frac{1}{u} d u} = \ln{\left(\left|{u}\right| \right)}$$$:

$$\frac{x^{2}}{2} + 7 x + 49 {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{u} d u}}} = \frac{x^{2}}{2} + 7 x + 49 {\color{red}{\ln{\left(\left|{u}\right| \right)}}}$$

Recorde que $$$u=x - 7$$$:

$$\frac{x^{2}}{2} + 7 x + 49 \ln{\left(\left|{{\color{red}{u}}}\right| \right)} = \frac{x^{2}}{2} + 7 x + 49 \ln{\left(\left|{{\color{red}{\left(x - 7\right)}}}\right| \right)}$$

Portanto,

$$\int{\frac{x^{2}}{x - 7} d x} = \frac{x^{2}}{2} + 7 x + 49 \ln{\left(\left|{x - 7}\right| \right)}$$

Adicione a constante de integração:

$$\int{\frac{x^{2}}{x - 7} d x} = \frac{x^{2}}{2} + 7 x + 49 \ln{\left(\left|{x - 7}\right| \right)}+C$$

$$$\int \frac{x^{2}}{x - 7}\, dx = \left(\frac{x^{2}}{2} + 7 x + 49 \ln\left(\left|{x - 7}\right|\right)\right) + C$$$A