Integraal van $$$\sqrt{\frac{1 - x}{x + 1}}$$$

Bepaal $$$\int \sqrt{\frac{1 - x}{x + 1}}\, dx$$$.

De invoer is herschreven: $$$\int{\sqrt{\frac{1 - x}{x + 1}} d x}=\int{\frac{\sqrt{1 - x}}{\sqrt{x + 1}} d x}$$$.

Vermenigvuldig de teller en de noemer met $$$\sqrt{x + 1}$$$ en vereenvoudig:

$${\color{red}{\int{\frac{\sqrt{1 - x}}{\sqrt{x + 1}} d x}}} = {\color{red}{\int{\frac{\sqrt{1 - x^{2}}}{x + 1} d x}}}$$

Zij $$$x=\sin{\left(u \right)}$$$.

Dan $$$dx=\left(\sin{\left(u \right)}\right)^{\prime }du = \cos{\left(u \right)} du$$$ (zie » voor de stappen).

Bovendien volgt dat $$$u=\operatorname{asin}{\left(x \right)}$$$.

Dus,

$$$\frac{\sqrt{1 - x^{2}}}{x + 1} = \frac{\sqrt{1 - \sin^{2}{\left( u \right)}}}{\sin{\left( u \right)} + 1}$$$

Gebruik de identiteit $$$1 - \sin^{2}{\left( u \right)} = \cos^{2}{\left( u \right)}$$$:

$$$\frac{\sqrt{1 - \sin^{2}{\left( u \right)}}}{\sin{\left( u \right)} + 1}=\frac{\sqrt{\cos^{2}{\left( u \right)}}}{\sin{\left( u \right)} + 1}$$$

Aangenomen dat $$$\cos{\left( u \right)} \ge 0$$$, verkrijgen we het volgende:

$$$\frac{\sqrt{\cos^{2}{\left( u \right)}}}{\sin{\left( u \right)} + 1} = \frac{\cos{\left( u \right)}}{\sin{\left( u \right)} + 1}$$$

Dus,

$${\color{red}{\int{\frac{\sqrt{1 - x^{2}}}{x + 1} d x}}} = {\color{red}{\int{\frac{\cos^{2}{\left(u \right)}}{\sin{\left(u \right)} + 1} d u}}}$$

Schrijf de cosinus in termen van de sinus, werk de teller verder uit, gebruik de formule voor het verschil van twee kwadraten en vereenvoudig.:

$${\color{red}{\int{\frac{\cos^{2}{\left(u \right)}}{\sin{\left(u \right)} + 1} d u}}} = {\color{red}{\int{\left(1 - \sin{\left(u \right)}\right)d u}}}$$

Integreer termgewijs:

$${\color{red}{\int{\left(1 - \sin{\left(u \right)}\right)d u}}} = {\color{red}{\left(\int{1 d u} - \int{\sin{\left(u \right)} d u}\right)}}$$

Pas de constantenregel $$$\int c\, du = c u$$$ toe met $$$c=1$$$:

$$- \int{\sin{\left(u \right)} d u} + {\color{red}{\int{1 d u}}} = - \int{\sin{\left(u \right)} d u} + {\color{red}{u}}$$

De integraal van de sinus is $$$\int{\sin{\left(u \right)} d u} = - \cos{\left(u \right)}$$$:

$$u - {\color{red}{\int{\sin{\left(u \right)} d u}}} = u - {\color{red}{\left(- \cos{\left(u \right)}\right)}}$$

We herinneren eraan dat $$$u=\operatorname{asin}{\left(x \right)}$$$:

$$\cos{\left({\color{red}{u}} \right)} + {\color{red}{u}} = \cos{\left({\color{red}{\operatorname{asin}{\left(x \right)}}} \right)} + {\color{red}{\operatorname{asin}{\left(x \right)}}}$$

Dus,

$$\int{\frac{\sqrt{1 - x}}{\sqrt{x + 1}} d x} = \sqrt{1 - x^{2}} + \operatorname{asin}{\left(x \right)}$$

Voeg de integratieconstante toe:

$$\int{\frac{\sqrt{1 - x}}{\sqrt{x + 1}} d x} = \sqrt{1 - x^{2}} + \operatorname{asin}{\left(x \right)}+C$$

$$$\int \sqrt{\frac{1 - x}{x + 1}}\, dx = \left(\sqrt{1 - x^{2}} + \operatorname{asin}{\left(x \right)}\right) + C$$$A