Integraal van $$$c \cot{\left(x \right)}$$$ met betrekking tot $$$x$$$

Bepaal $$$\int c \cot{\left(x \right)}\, dx$$$.

Pas de constante-veelvoudregel $$$\int c f{\left(x \right)}\, dx = c \int f{\left(x \right)}\, dx$$$ toe met $$$c=c$$$ en $$$f{\left(x \right)} = \cot{\left(x \right)}$$$:

$${\color{red}{\int{c \cot{\left(x \right)} d x}}} = {\color{red}{c \int{\cot{\left(x \right)} d x}}}$$

Herschrijf de cotangens als $$$\cot\left(x\right)=\frac{\cos\left(x\right)}{\sin\left(x\right)}$$$:

$$c {\color{red}{\int{\cot{\left(x \right)} d x}}} = c {\color{red}{\int{\frac{\cos{\left(x \right)}}{\sin{\left(x \right)}} d x}}}$$

Zij $$$u=\sin{\left(x \right)}$$$.

Dan $$$du=\left(\sin{\left(x \right)}\right)^{\prime }dx = \cos{\left(x \right)} dx$$$ (de stappen zijn te zien »), en dan geldt dat $$$\cos{\left(x \right)} dx = du$$$.

Dus,

$$c {\color{red}{\int{\frac{\cos{\left(x \right)}}{\sin{\left(x \right)}} d x}}} = c {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{u} d u}}}$$

De integraal van $$$\frac{1}{u}$$$ is $$$\int{\frac{1}{u} d u} = \ln{\left(\left|{u}\right| \right)}$$$:

$$c {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{u} d u}}} = c {\color{red}{\ln{\left(\left|{u}\right| \right)}}}$$

We herinneren eraan dat $$$u=\sin{\left(x \right)}$$$:

$$c \ln{\left(\left|{{\color{red}{u}}}\right| \right)} = c \ln{\left(\left|{{\color{red}{\sin{\left(x \right)}}}}\right| \right)}$$

Dus,

$$\int{c \cot{\left(x \right)} d x} = c \ln{\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)}$$

Voeg de integratieconstante toe:

$$\int{c \cot{\left(x \right)} d x} = c \ln{\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)}+C$$

$$$\int c \cot{\left(x \right)}\, dx = c \ln\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right|\right) + C$$$A