Integraal van $$$8 \cos^{3}{\left(4 x \right)}$$$

Bepaal $$$\int 8 \cos^{3}{\left(4 x \right)}\, dx$$$.

Pas de constante-veelvoudregel $$$\int c f{\left(x \right)}\, dx = c \int f{\left(x \right)}\, dx$$$ toe met $$$c=8$$$ en $$$f{\left(x \right)} = \cos^{3}{\left(4 x \right)}$$$:

$${\color{red}{\int{8 \cos^{3}{\left(4 x \right)} d x}}} = {\color{red}{\left(8 \int{\cos^{3}{\left(4 x \right)} d x}\right)}}$$

Zij $$$u=4 x$$$.

Dan $$$du=\left(4 x\right)^{\prime }dx = 4 dx$$$ (de stappen zijn te zien »), en dan geldt dat $$$dx = \frac{du}{4}$$$.

Dus,

$$8 {\color{red}{\int{\cos^{3}{\left(4 x \right)} d x}}} = 8 {\color{red}{\int{\frac{\cos^{3}{\left(u \right)}}{4} d u}}}$$

Pas de constante-veelvoudregel $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$ toe met $$$c=\frac{1}{4}$$$ en $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \cos^{3}{\left(u \right)}$$$:

$$8 {\color{red}{\int{\frac{\cos^{3}{\left(u \right)}}{4} d u}}} = 8 {\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{\cos^{3}{\left(u \right)} d u}}{4}\right)}}$$

Haal één cosinus eruit en druk de rest uit in termen van de sinus, met behulp van de formule $$$\cos^2\left(\alpha \right)=-\sin^2\left(\alpha \right)+1$$$ met $$$\alpha= u $$$:

$$2 {\color{red}{\int{\cos^{3}{\left(u \right)} d u}}} = 2 {\color{red}{\int{\left(1 - \sin^{2}{\left(u \right)}\right) \cos{\left(u \right)} d u}}}$$

Zij $$$v=\sin{\left(u \right)}$$$.

Dan $$$dv=\left(\sin{\left(u \right)}\right)^{\prime }du = \cos{\left(u \right)} du$$$ (de stappen zijn te zien »), en dan geldt dat $$$\cos{\left(u \right)} du = dv$$$.

Dus,

$$2 {\color{red}{\int{\left(1 - \sin^{2}{\left(u \right)}\right) \cos{\left(u \right)} d u}}} = 2 {\color{red}{\int{\left(1 - v^{2}\right)d v}}}$$

Integreer termgewijs:

$$2 {\color{red}{\int{\left(1 - v^{2}\right)d v}}} = 2 {\color{red}{\left(\int{1 d v} - \int{v^{2} d v}\right)}}$$

Pas de constantenregel $$$\int c\, dv = c v$$$ toe met $$$c=1$$$:

$$- 2 \int{v^{2} d v} + 2 {\color{red}{\int{1 d v}}} = - 2 \int{v^{2} d v} + 2 {\color{red}{v}}$$

Pas de machtsregel $$$\int v^{n}\, dv = \frac{v^{n + 1}}{n + 1}$$$ $$$\left(n \neq -1 \right)$$$ toe met $$$n=2$$$:

$$2 v - 2 {\color{red}{\int{v^{2} d v}}}=2 v - 2 {\color{red}{\frac{v^{1 + 2}}{1 + 2}}}=2 v - 2 {\color{red}{\left(\frac{v^{3}}{3}\right)}}$$

We herinneren eraan dat $$$v=\sin{\left(u \right)}$$$:

$$2 {\color{red}{v}} - \frac{2 {\color{red}{v}}^{3}}{3} = 2 {\color{red}{\sin{\left(u \right)}}} - \frac{2 {\color{red}{\sin{\left(u \right)}}}^{3}}{3}$$

We herinneren eraan dat $$$u=4 x$$$:

$$2 \sin{\left({\color{red}{u}} \right)} - \frac{2 \sin^{3}{\left({\color{red}{u}} \right)}}{3} = 2 \sin{\left({\color{red}{\left(4 x\right)}} \right)} - \frac{2 \sin^{3}{\left({\color{red}{\left(4 x\right)}} \right)}}{3}$$

Dus,

$$\int{8 \cos^{3}{\left(4 x \right)} d x} = - \frac{2 \sin^{3}{\left(4 x \right)}}{3} + 2 \sin{\left(4 x \right)}$$

Vereenvoudig:

$$\int{8 \cos^{3}{\left(4 x \right)} d x} = \frac{9 \sin{\left(4 x \right)} + \sin{\left(12 x \right)}}{6}$$

Voeg de integratieconstante toe:

$$\int{8 \cos^{3}{\left(4 x \right)} d x} = \frac{9 \sin{\left(4 x \right)} + \sin{\left(12 x \right)}}{6}+C$$

$$$\int 8 \cos^{3}{\left(4 x \right)}\, dx = \frac{9 \sin{\left(4 x \right)} + \sin{\left(12 x \right)}}{6} + C$$$A