Integraal van $$$\ln\left(4 x\right)$$$

Bepaal $$$\int \ln\left(4 x\right)\, dx$$$.

Zij $$$u=4 x$$$.

Dan $$$du=\left(4 x\right)^{\prime }dx = 4 dx$$$ (de stappen zijn te zien »), en dan geldt dat $$$dx = \frac{du}{4}$$$.

De integraal wordt

$${\color{red}{\int{\ln{\left(4 x \right)} d x}}} = {\color{red}{\int{\frac{\ln{\left(u \right)}}{4} d u}}}$$

Pas de constante-veelvoudregel $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$ toe met $$$c=\frac{1}{4}$$$ en $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \ln{\left(u \right)}$$$:

$${\color{red}{\int{\frac{\ln{\left(u \right)}}{4} d u}}} = {\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{\ln{\left(u \right)} d u}}{4}\right)}}$$

Voor de integraal $$$\int{\ln{\left(u \right)} d u}$$$, gebruik partiële integratie $$$\int \operatorname{m} \operatorname{dv} = \operatorname{m}\operatorname{v} - \int \operatorname{v} \operatorname{dm}$$$.

Zij $$$\operatorname{m}=\ln{\left(u \right)}$$$ en $$$\operatorname{dv}=du$$$.

Dan $$$\operatorname{dm}=\left(\ln{\left(u \right)}\right)^{\prime }du=\frac{du}{u}$$$ (de stappen zijn te zien ») en $$$\operatorname{v}=\int{1 d u}=u$$$ (de stappen zijn te zien »).

Dus,

$$\frac{{\color{red}{\int{\ln{\left(u \right)} d u}}}}{4}=\frac{{\color{red}{\left(\ln{\left(u \right)} \cdot u-\int{u \cdot \frac{1}{u} d u}\right)}}}{4}=\frac{{\color{red}{\left(u \ln{\left(u \right)} - \int{1 d u}\right)}}}{4}$$

Pas de constantenregel $$$\int c\, du = c u$$$ toe met $$$c=1$$$:

$$\frac{u \ln{\left(u \right)}}{4} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{1 d u}}}}{4} = \frac{u \ln{\left(u \right)}}{4} - \frac{{\color{red}{u}}}{4}$$

We herinneren eraan dat $$$u=4 x$$$:

$$- \frac{{\color{red}{u}}}{4} + \frac{{\color{red}{u}} \ln{\left({\color{red}{u}} \right)}}{4} = - \frac{{\color{red}{\left(4 x\right)}}}{4} + \frac{{\color{red}{\left(4 x\right)}} \ln{\left({\color{red}{\left(4 x\right)}} \right)}}{4}$$

Dus,

$$\int{\ln{\left(4 x \right)} d x} = x \ln{\left(4 x \right)} - x$$

Vereenvoudig:

$$\int{\ln{\left(4 x \right)} d x} = x \left(\ln{\left(x \right)} - 1 + 2 \ln{\left(2 \right)}\right)$$

Voeg de integratieconstante toe:

$$\int{\ln{\left(4 x \right)} d x} = x \left(\ln{\left(x \right)} - 1 + 2 \ln{\left(2 \right)}\right)+C$$

$$$\int \ln\left(4 x\right)\, dx = x \left(\ln\left(x\right) - 1 + 2 \ln\left(2\right)\right) + C$$$A