Integraal van $$$\ln\left(9 x - 8\right)$$$

Bepaal $$$\int \ln\left(9 x - 8\right)\, dx$$$.

Zij $$$u=9 x - 8$$$.

Dan $$$du=\left(9 x - 8\right)^{\prime }dx = 9 dx$$$ (de stappen zijn te zien »), en dan geldt dat $$$dx = \frac{du}{9}$$$.

Dus,

$${\color{red}{\int{\ln{\left(9 x - 8 \right)} d x}}} = {\color{red}{\int{\frac{\ln{\left(u \right)}}{9} d u}}}$$

Pas de constante-veelvoudregel $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$ toe met $$$c=\frac{1}{9}$$$ en $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \ln{\left(u \right)}$$$:

$${\color{red}{\int{\frac{\ln{\left(u \right)}}{9} d u}}} = {\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{\ln{\left(u \right)} d u}}{9}\right)}}$$

Voor de integraal $$$\int{\ln{\left(u \right)} d u}$$$, gebruik partiële integratie $$$\int \operatorname{t} \operatorname{dv} = \operatorname{t}\operatorname{v} - \int \operatorname{v} \operatorname{dt}$$$.

Zij $$$\operatorname{t}=\ln{\left(u \right)}$$$ en $$$\operatorname{dv}=du$$$.

Dan $$$\operatorname{dt}=\left(\ln{\left(u \right)}\right)^{\prime }du=\frac{du}{u}$$$ (de stappen zijn te zien ») en $$$\operatorname{v}=\int{1 d u}=u$$$ (de stappen zijn te zien »).

De integraal wordt

$$\frac{{\color{red}{\int{\ln{\left(u \right)} d u}}}}{9}=\frac{{\color{red}{\left(\ln{\left(u \right)} \cdot u-\int{u \cdot \frac{1}{u} d u}\right)}}}{9}=\frac{{\color{red}{\left(u \ln{\left(u \right)} - \int{1 d u}\right)}}}{9}$$

Pas de constantenregel $$$\int c\, du = c u$$$ toe met $$$c=1$$$:

$$\frac{u \ln{\left(u \right)}}{9} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{1 d u}}}}{9} = \frac{u \ln{\left(u \right)}}{9} - \frac{{\color{red}{u}}}{9}$$

We herinneren eraan dat $$$u=9 x - 8$$$:

$$- \frac{{\color{red}{u}}}{9} + \frac{{\color{red}{u}} \ln{\left({\color{red}{u}} \right)}}{9} = - \frac{{\color{red}{\left(9 x - 8\right)}}}{9} + \frac{{\color{red}{\left(9 x - 8\right)}} \ln{\left({\color{red}{\left(9 x - 8\right)}} \right)}}{9}$$

Dus,

$$\int{\ln{\left(9 x - 8 \right)} d x} = - x + \frac{\left(9 x - 8\right) \ln{\left(9 x - 8 \right)}}{9} + \frac{8}{9}$$

Vereenvoudig:

$$\int{\ln{\left(9 x - 8 \right)} d x} = \frac{\left(9 x - 8\right) \left(\ln{\left(9 x - 8 \right)} - 1\right)}{9}$$

Voeg de integratieconstante toe:

$$\int{\ln{\left(9 x - 8 \right)} d x} = \frac{\left(9 x - 8\right) \left(\ln{\left(9 x - 8 \right)} - 1\right)}{9}+C$$

$$$\int \ln\left(9 x - 8\right)\, dx = \frac{\left(9 x - 8\right) \left(\ln\left(9 x - 8\right) - 1\right)}{9} + C$$$A