Integraal van $$$\frac{3}{3 x - 1}$$$

Bepaal $$$\int \frac{3}{3 x - 1}\, dx$$$.

Pas de constante-veelvoudregel $$$\int c f{\left(x \right)}\, dx = c \int f{\left(x \right)}\, dx$$$ toe met $$$c=3$$$ en $$$f{\left(x \right)} = \frac{1}{3 x - 1}$$$:

$${\color{red}{\int{\frac{3}{3 x - 1} d x}}} = {\color{red}{\left(3 \int{\frac{1}{3 x - 1} d x}\right)}}$$

Zij $$$u=3 x - 1$$$.

Dan $$$du=\left(3 x - 1\right)^{\prime }dx = 3 dx$$$ (de stappen zijn te zien »), en dan geldt dat $$$dx = \frac{du}{3}$$$.

Dus,

$$3 {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{3 x - 1} d x}}} = 3 {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{3 u} d u}}}$$

Pas de constante-veelvoudregel $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$ toe met $$$c=\frac{1}{3}$$$ en $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \frac{1}{u}$$$:

$$3 {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{3 u} d u}}} = 3 {\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{\frac{1}{u} d u}}{3}\right)}}$$

De integraal van $$$\frac{1}{u}$$$ is $$$\int{\frac{1}{u} d u} = \ln{\left(\left|{u}\right| \right)}$$$:

$${\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{u} d u}}} = {\color{red}{\ln{\left(\left|{u}\right| \right)}}}$$

We herinneren eraan dat $$$u=3 x - 1$$$:

$$\ln{\left(\left|{{\color{red}{u}}}\right| \right)} = \ln{\left(\left|{{\color{red}{\left(3 x - 1\right)}}}\right| \right)}$$

Dus,

$$\int{\frac{3}{3 x - 1} d x} = \ln{\left(\left|{3 x - 1}\right| \right)}$$

Voeg de integratieconstante toe:

$$\int{\frac{3}{3 x - 1} d x} = \ln{\left(\left|{3 x - 1}\right| \right)}+C$$

$$$\int \frac{3}{3 x - 1}\, dx = \ln\left(\left|{3 x - 1}\right|\right) + C$$$A