$$$x \sin{\left(x \right)}$$$ の二階導関数
入力内容
$$$\frac{d^{2}}{dx^{2}} \left(x \sin{\left(x \right)}\right)$$$ を求めよ。
解答
一階導関数 $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(x \sin{\left(x \right)}\right)$$$ を求めよ
積の微分法 $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(f{\left(x \right)} g{\left(x \right)}\right) = \frac{d}{dx} \left(f{\left(x \right)}\right) g{\left(x \right)} + f{\left(x \right)} \frac{d}{dx} \left(g{\left(x \right)}\right)$$$ を $$$f{\left(x \right)} = x$$$ と $$$g{\left(x \right)} = \sin{\left(x \right)}$$$ に適用する:
$${\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(x \sin{\left(x \right)}\right)\right)} = {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(x\right) \sin{\left(x \right)} + x \frac{d}{dx} \left(\sin{\left(x \right)}\right)\right)}$$正弦関数の導関数は$$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(\sin{\left(x \right)}\right) = \cos{\left(x \right)}$$$:
$$x {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(\sin{\left(x \right)}\right)\right)} + \sin{\left(x \right)} \frac{d}{dx} \left(x\right) = x {\color{red}\left(\cos{\left(x \right)}\right)} + \sin{\left(x \right)} \frac{d}{dx} \left(x\right)$$$$$n = 1$$$ を用いて冪法則 $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(x^{n}\right) = n x^{n - 1}$$$ を適用すると、すなわち $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(x\right) = 1$$$:
$$x \cos{\left(x \right)} + \sin{\left(x \right)} {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(x\right)\right)} = x \cos{\left(x \right)} + \sin{\left(x \right)} {\color{red}\left(1\right)}$$したがって、$$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(x \sin{\left(x \right)}\right) = x \cos{\left(x \right)} + \sin{\left(x \right)}$$$。
次に、$$$\frac{d^{2}}{dx^{2}} \left(x \sin{\left(x \right)}\right) = \frac{d}{dx} \left(x \cos{\left(x \right)} + \sin{\left(x \right)}\right)$$$
和/差の導関数は、導関数の和/差である:
$${\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(x \cos{\left(x \right)} + \sin{\left(x \right)}\right)\right)} = {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(x \cos{\left(x \right)}\right) + \frac{d}{dx} \left(\sin{\left(x \right)}\right)\right)}$$正弦関数の導関数は$$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(\sin{\left(x \right)}\right) = \cos{\left(x \right)}$$$:
$${\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(\sin{\left(x \right)}\right)\right)} + \frac{d}{dx} \left(x \cos{\left(x \right)}\right) = {\color{red}\left(\cos{\left(x \right)}\right)} + \frac{d}{dx} \left(x \cos{\left(x \right)}\right)$$積の微分法 $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(f{\left(x \right)} g{\left(x \right)}\right) = \frac{d}{dx} \left(f{\left(x \right)}\right) g{\left(x \right)} + f{\left(x \right)} \frac{d}{dx} \left(g{\left(x \right)}\right)$$$ を $$$f{\left(x \right)} = x$$$ と $$$g{\left(x \right)} = \cos{\left(x \right)}$$$ に適用する:
$$\cos{\left(x \right)} + {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(x \cos{\left(x \right)}\right)\right)} = \cos{\left(x \right)} + {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(x\right) \cos{\left(x \right)} + x \frac{d}{dx} \left(\cos{\left(x \right)}\right)\right)}$$$$$n = 1$$$ を用いて冪法則 $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(x^{n}\right) = n x^{n - 1}$$$ を適用すると、すなわち $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(x\right) = 1$$$:
$$x \frac{d}{dx} \left(\cos{\left(x \right)}\right) + \cos{\left(x \right)} {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(x\right)\right)} + \cos{\left(x \right)} = x \frac{d}{dx} \left(\cos{\left(x \right)}\right) + \cos{\left(x \right)} {\color{red}\left(1\right)} + \cos{\left(x \right)}$$余弦関数の導関数は$$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(\cos{\left(x \right)}\right) = - \sin{\left(x \right)}$$$:
$$x {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(\cos{\left(x \right)}\right)\right)} + 2 \cos{\left(x \right)} = x {\color{red}\left(- \sin{\left(x \right)}\right)} + 2 \cos{\left(x \right)}$$したがって、$$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(x \cos{\left(x \right)} + \sin{\left(x \right)}\right) = - x \sin{\left(x \right)} + 2 \cos{\left(x \right)}$$$。
したがって、$$$\frac{d^{2}}{dx^{2}} \left(x \sin{\left(x \right)}\right) = - x \sin{\left(x \right)} + 2 \cos{\left(x \right)}$$$。
解答
$$$\frac{d^{2}}{dx^{2}} \left(x \sin{\left(x \right)}\right) = - x \sin{\left(x \right)} + 2 \cos{\left(x \right)}$$$A