Derivata di $$$\tan{\left(\frac{u}{2} + \frac{\pi}{4} \right)}$$$

La funzione $$$\tan{\left(\frac{u}{2} + \frac{\pi}{4} \right)}$$$ è la composizione $$$f{\left(g{\left(u \right)} \right)}$$$ di due funzioni $$$f{\left(v \right)} = \tan{\left(v \right)}$$$ e $$$g{\left(u \right)} = \frac{u}{2} + \frac{\pi}{4}$$$.

Applica la regola della catena $$$\frac{d}{du} \left(f{\left(g{\left(u \right)} \right)}\right) = \frac{d}{dv} \left(f{\left(v \right)}\right) \frac{d}{du} \left(g{\left(u \right)}\right)$$$:

$${\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{du} \left(\tan{\left(\frac{u}{2} + \frac{\pi}{4} \right)}\right)\right)} = {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dv} \left(\tan{\left(v \right)}\right) \frac{d}{du} \left(\frac{u}{2} + \frac{\pi}{4}\right)\right)}$$

La derivata della tangente è $$$\frac{d}{dv} \left(\tan{\left(v \right)}\right) = \sec^{2}{\left(v \right)}$$$:

$${\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dv} \left(\tan{\left(v \right)}\right)\right)} \frac{d}{du} \left(\frac{u}{2} + \frac{\pi}{4}\right) = {\color{red}\left(\sec^{2}{\left(v \right)}\right)} \frac{d}{du} \left(\frac{u}{2} + \frac{\pi}{4}\right)$$

Torna alla variabile originale:

$$\sec^{2}{\left({\color{red}\left(v\right)} \right)} \frac{d}{du} \left(\frac{u}{2} + \frac{\pi}{4}\right) = \sec^{2}{\left({\color{red}\left(\frac{u}{2} + \frac{\pi}{4}\right)} \right)} \frac{d}{du} \left(\frac{u}{2} + \frac{\pi}{4}\right)$$

La derivata di una somma/differenza è la somma/differenza delle derivate:

$$\sec^{2}{\left(\frac{u}{2} + \frac{\pi}{4} \right)} {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{du} \left(\frac{u}{2} + \frac{\pi}{4}\right)\right)} = \sec^{2}{\left(\frac{u}{2} + \frac{\pi}{4} \right)} {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{du} \left(\frac{u}{2}\right) + \frac{d}{du} \left(\frac{\pi}{4}\right)\right)}$$

La derivata di una costante è $$$0$$$:

$$\left({\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{du} \left(\frac{\pi}{4}\right)\right)} + \frac{d}{du} \left(\frac{u}{2}\right)\right) \sec^{2}{\left(\frac{u}{2} + \frac{\pi}{4} \right)} = \left({\color{red}\left(0\right)} + \frac{d}{du} \left(\frac{u}{2}\right)\right) \sec^{2}{\left(\frac{u}{2} + \frac{\pi}{4} \right)}$$

Applica la regola del multiplo costante $$$\frac{d}{du} \left(c f{\left(u \right)}\right) = c \frac{d}{du} \left(f{\left(u \right)}\right)$$$ con $$$c = \frac{1}{2}$$$ e $$$f{\left(u \right)} = u$$$:

$$\sec^{2}{\left(\frac{u}{2} + \frac{\pi}{4} \right)} {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{du} \left(\frac{u}{2}\right)\right)} = \sec^{2}{\left(\frac{u}{2} + \frac{\pi}{4} \right)} {\color{red}\left(\frac{\frac{d}{du} \left(u\right)}{2}\right)}$$

Applica la regola della potenza $$$\frac{d}{du} \left(u^{n}\right) = n u^{n - 1}$$$ con $$$n = 1$$$, in altre parole, $$$\frac{d}{du} \left(u\right) = 1$$$:

$$\frac{\sec^{2}{\left(\frac{u}{2} + \frac{\pi}{4} \right)} {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{du} \left(u\right)\right)}}{2} = \frac{\sec^{2}{\left(\frac{u}{2} + \frac{\pi}{4} \right)} {\color{red}\left(1\right)}}{2}$$

Semplifica:

$$\frac{\sec^{2}{\left(\frac{u}{2} + \frac{\pi}{4} \right)}}{2} = \frac{1}{1 - \sin{\left(u \right)}}$$

Quindi, $$$\frac{d}{du} \left(\tan{\left(\frac{u}{2} + \frac{\pi}{4} \right)}\right) = \frac{1}{1 - \sin{\left(u \right)}}$$$.