Funktion $$$- \cot{\left(x \right)}$$$ integraali

Määritä $$$\int \left(- \cot{\left(x \right)}\right)\, dx$$$.

Sovella vakiokertoimen sääntöä $$$\int c f{\left(x \right)}\, dx = c \int f{\left(x \right)}\, dx$$$ käyttäen $$$c=-1$$$ ja $$$f{\left(x \right)} = \cot{\left(x \right)}$$$:

$${\color{red}{\int{\left(- \cot{\left(x \right)}\right)d x}}} = {\color{red}{\left(- \int{\cot{\left(x \right)} d x}\right)}}$$

Esitä kotangentti muodossa $$$\cot\left(x\right)=\frac{\cos\left(x\right)}{\sin\left(x\right)}$$$:

$$- {\color{red}{\int{\cot{\left(x \right)} d x}}} = - {\color{red}{\int{\frac{\cos{\left(x \right)}}{\sin{\left(x \right)}} d x}}}$$

Olkoon $$$u=\sin{\left(x \right)}$$$.

Tällöin $$$du=\left(\sin{\left(x \right)}\right)^{\prime }dx = \cos{\left(x \right)} dx$$$ (vaiheet ovat nähtävissä ») ja saamme, että $$$\cos{\left(x \right)} dx = du$$$.

Näin ollen,

$$- {\color{red}{\int{\frac{\cos{\left(x \right)}}{\sin{\left(x \right)}} d x}}} = - {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{u} d u}}}$$

Funktion $$$\frac{1}{u}$$$ integraali on $$$\int{\frac{1}{u} d u} = \ln{\left(\left|{u}\right| \right)}$$$:

$$- {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{u} d u}}} = - {\color{red}{\ln{\left(\left|{u}\right| \right)}}}$$

Muista, että $$$u=\sin{\left(x \right)}$$$:

$$- \ln{\left(\left|{{\color{red}{u}}}\right| \right)} = - \ln{\left(\left|{{\color{red}{\sin{\left(x \right)}}}}\right| \right)}$$

Näin ollen,

$$\int{\left(- \cot{\left(x \right)}\right)d x} = - \ln{\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)}$$

Lisää integrointivakio:

$$\int{\left(- \cot{\left(x \right)}\right)d x} = - \ln{\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)}+C$$

$$$\int \left(- \cot{\left(x \right)}\right)\, dx = - \ln\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right|\right) + C$$$A