$$$\frac{x}{x^{4} + 1}$$$ 的積分
您的輸入
求$$$\int \frac{x}{x^{4} + 1}\, dx$$$。
解答
令 $$$u=x^{2}$$$。
則 $$$du=\left(x^{2}\right)^{\prime }dx = 2 x dx$$$ (步驟見»),並可得 $$$x dx = \frac{du}{2}$$$。
因此,
$${\color{red}{\int{\frac{x}{x^{4} + 1} d x}}} = {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{2 \left(u^{2} + 1\right)} d u}}}$$
套用常數倍法則 $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$,使用 $$$c=\frac{1}{2}$$$ 與 $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \frac{1}{u^{2} + 1}$$$:
$${\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{2 \left(u^{2} + 1\right)} d u}}} = {\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{\frac{1}{u^{2} + 1} d u}}{2}\right)}}$$
$$$\frac{1}{u^{2} + 1}$$$ 的積分是 $$$\int{\frac{1}{u^{2} + 1} d u} = \operatorname{atan}{\left(u \right)}$$$:
$$\frac{{\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{u^{2} + 1} d u}}}}{2} = \frac{{\color{red}{\operatorname{atan}{\left(u \right)}}}}{2}$$
回顧一下 $$$u=x^{2}$$$:
$$\frac{\operatorname{atan}{\left({\color{red}{u}} \right)}}{2} = \frac{\operatorname{atan}{\left({\color{red}{x^{2}}} \right)}}{2}$$
因此,
$$\int{\frac{x}{x^{4} + 1} d x} = \frac{\operatorname{atan}{\left(x^{2} \right)}}{2}$$
加上積分常數:
$$\int{\frac{x}{x^{4} + 1} d x} = \frac{\operatorname{atan}{\left(x^{2} \right)}}{2}+C$$
答案
$$$\int \frac{x}{x^{4} + 1}\, dx = \frac{\operatorname{atan}{\left(x^{2} \right)}}{2} + C$$$A