$$$\frac{1}{x \left(5 - x\right)}$$$ 的積分
您的輸入
求$$$\int \frac{1}{x \left(5 - x\right)}\, dx$$$。
解答
進行部分分式分解（步驟可見 »）:
$${\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{x \left(5 - x\right)} d x}}} = {\color{red}{\int{\left(\frac{1}{5 \left(5 - x\right)} + \frac{1}{5 x}\right)d x}}}$$
逐項積分：
$${\color{red}{\int{\left(\frac{1}{5 \left(5 - x\right)} + \frac{1}{5 x}\right)d x}}} = {\color{red}{\left(\int{\frac{1}{5 x} d x} + \int{\frac{1}{5 \left(5 - x\right)} d x}\right)}}$$
套用常數倍法則 $$$\int c f{\left(x \right)}\, dx = c \int f{\left(x \right)}\, dx$$$，使用 $$$c=\frac{1}{5}$$$ 與 $$$f{\left(x \right)} = \frac{1}{x}$$$：
$$\int{\frac{1}{5 \left(5 - x\right)} d x} + {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{5 x} d x}}} = \int{\frac{1}{5 \left(5 - x\right)} d x} + {\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{\frac{1}{x} d x}}{5}\right)}}$$
$$$\frac{1}{x}$$$ 的積分是 $$$\int{\frac{1}{x} d x} = \ln{\left(\left|{x}\right| \right)}$$$：
$$\int{\frac{1}{5 \left(5 - x\right)} d x} + \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{x} d x}}}}{5} = \int{\frac{1}{5 \left(5 - x\right)} d x} + \frac{{\color{red}{\ln{\left(\left|{x}\right| \right)}}}}{5}$$
套用常數倍法則 $$$\int c f{\left(x \right)}\, dx = c \int f{\left(x \right)}\, dx$$$，使用 $$$c=\frac{1}{5}$$$ 與 $$$f{\left(x \right)} = \frac{1}{5 - x}$$$：
$$\frac{\ln{\left(\left|{x}\right| \right)}}{5} + {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{5 \left(5 - x\right)} d x}}} = \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{x}\right| \right)}}{5} + {\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{\frac{1}{5 - x} d x}}{5}\right)}}$$
令 $$$u=5 - x$$$。
則 $$$du=\left(5 - x\right)^{\prime }dx = - dx$$$ (步驟見»)，並可得 $$$dx = - du$$$。
該積分可改寫為
$$\frac{\ln{\left(\left|{x}\right| \right)}}{5} + \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{5 - x} d x}}}}{5} = \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{x}\right| \right)}}{5} + \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\left(- \frac{1}{u}\right)d u}}}}{5}$$
套用常數倍法則 $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$，使用 $$$c=-1$$$ 與 $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \frac{1}{u}$$$：
$$\frac{\ln{\left(\left|{x}\right| \right)}}{5} + \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\left(- \frac{1}{u}\right)d u}}}}{5} = \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{x}\right| \right)}}{5} + \frac{{\color{red}{\left(- \int{\frac{1}{u} d u}\right)}}}{5}$$
$$$\frac{1}{u}$$$ 的積分是 $$$\int{\frac{1}{u} d u} = \ln{\left(\left|{u}\right| \right)}$$$：
$$\frac{\ln{\left(\left|{x}\right| \right)}}{5} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{u} d u}}}}{5} = \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{x}\right| \right)}}{5} - \frac{{\color{red}{\ln{\left(\left|{u}\right| \right)}}}}{5}$$
回顧一下 $$$u=5 - x$$$：
$$\frac{\ln{\left(\left|{x}\right| \right)}}{5} - \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{{\color{red}{u}}}\right| \right)}}{5} = \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{x}\right| \right)}}{5} - \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{{\color{red}{\left(5 - x\right)}}}\right| \right)}}{5}$$
因此，
$$\int{\frac{1}{x \left(5 - x\right)} d x} = \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{x}\right| \right)}}{5} - \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{x - 5}\right| \right)}}{5}$$
加上積分常數：
$$\int{\frac{1}{x \left(5 - x\right)} d x} = \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{x}\right| \right)}}{5} - \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{x - 5}\right| \right)}}{5}+C$$
答案
$$$\int \frac{1}{x \left(5 - x\right)}\, dx = \left(\frac{\ln\left(\left|{x}\right|\right)}{5} - \frac{\ln\left(\left|{x - 5}\right|\right)}{5}\right) + C$$$A