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$$$x \ln\left(x\right) - x$$$ 的積分
您的輸入
求$$$\int \left(x \ln\left(x\right) - x\right)\, dx$$$。
解答
逐項積分：
$${\color{red}{\int{\left(x \ln{\left(x \right)} - x\right)d x}}} = {\color{red}{\left(- \int{x d x} + \int{x \ln{\left(x \right)} d x}\right)}}$$
套用冪次法則 $$$\int x^{n}\, dx = \frac{x^{n + 1}}{n + 1}$$$ $$$\left(n \neq -1 \right)$$$，以 $$$n=1$$$：
$$\int{x \ln{\left(x \right)} d x} - {\color{red}{\int{x d x}}}=\int{x \ln{\left(x \right)} d x} - {\color{red}{\frac{x^{1 + 1}}{1 + 1}}}=\int{x \ln{\left(x \right)} d x} - {\color{red}{\left(\frac{x^{2}}{2}\right)}}$$
對於積分 $$$\int{x \ln{\left(x \right)} d x}$$$，使用分部積分法 $$$\int \operatorname{u} \operatorname{dv} = \operatorname{u}\operatorname{v} - \int \operatorname{v} \operatorname{du}$$$。
令 $$$\operatorname{u}=\ln{\left(x \right)}$$$ 與 $$$\operatorname{dv}=x dx$$$。
則 $$$\operatorname{du}=\left(\ln{\left(x \right)}\right)^{\prime }dx=\frac{dx}{x}$$$（步驟見 »），且 $$$\operatorname{v}=\int{x d x}=\frac{x^{2}}{2}$$$（步驟見 »）。
該積分變為
$$- \frac{x^{2}}{2} + {\color{red}{\int{x \ln{\left(x \right)} d x}}}=- \frac{x^{2}}{2} + {\color{red}{\left(\ln{\left(x \right)} \cdot \frac{x^{2}}{2}-\int{\frac{x^{2}}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{x} d x}\right)}}=- \frac{x^{2}}{2} + {\color{red}{\left(\frac{x^{2} \ln{\left(x \right)}}{2} - \int{\frac{x}{2} d x}\right)}}$$
套用常數倍法則 $$$\int c f{\left(x \right)}\, dx = c \int f{\left(x \right)}\, dx$$$，使用 $$$c=\frac{1}{2}$$$ 與 $$$f{\left(x \right)} = x$$$：
$$\frac{x^{2} \ln{\left(x \right)}}{2} - \frac{x^{2}}{2} - {\color{red}{\int{\frac{x}{2} d x}}} = \frac{x^{2} \ln{\left(x \right)}}{2} - \frac{x^{2}}{2} - {\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{x d x}}{2}\right)}}$$
套用冪次法則 $$$\int x^{n}\, dx = \frac{x^{n + 1}}{n + 1}$$$ $$$\left(n \neq -1 \right)$$$，以 $$$n=1$$$：
$$\frac{x^{2} \ln{\left(x \right)}}{2} - \frac{x^{2}}{2} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{x d x}}}}{2}=\frac{x^{2} \ln{\left(x \right)}}{2} - \frac{x^{2}}{2} - \frac{{\color{red}{\frac{x^{1 + 1}}{1 + 1}}}}{2}=\frac{x^{2} \ln{\left(x \right)}}{2} - \frac{x^{2}}{2} - \frac{{\color{red}{\left(\frac{x^{2}}{2}\right)}}}{2}$$
因此，
$$\int{\left(x \ln{\left(x \right)} - x\right)d x} = \frac{x^{2} \ln{\left(x \right)}}{2} - \frac{3 x^{2}}{4}$$
化簡：
$$\int{\left(x \ln{\left(x \right)} - x\right)d x} = \frac{x^{2} \left(2 \ln{\left(x \right)} - 3\right)}{4}$$
加上積分常數：
$$\int{\left(x \ln{\left(x \right)} - x\right)d x} = \frac{x^{2} \left(2 \ln{\left(x \right)} - 3\right)}{4}+C$$
答案
$$$\int \left(x \ln\left(x\right) - x\right)\, dx = \frac{x^{2} \left(2 \ln\left(x\right) - 3\right)}{4} + C$$$A