$$$\operatorname{atan}{\left(\frac{x}{5} \right)}$$$ 的積分
您的輸入
求$$$\int \operatorname{atan}{\left(\frac{x}{5} \right)}\, dx$$$。
解答
令 $$$u=\frac{x}{5}$$$。
則 $$$du=\left(\frac{x}{5}\right)^{\prime }dx = \frac{dx}{5}$$$ (步驟見»),並可得 $$$dx = 5 du$$$。
因此,
$${\color{red}{\int{\operatorname{atan}{\left(\frac{x}{5} \right)} d x}}} = {\color{red}{\int{5 \operatorname{atan}{\left(u \right)} d u}}}$$
套用常數倍法則 $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$,使用 $$$c=5$$$ 與 $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \operatorname{atan}{\left(u \right)}$$$:
$${\color{red}{\int{5 \operatorname{atan}{\left(u \right)} d u}}} = {\color{red}{\left(5 \int{\operatorname{atan}{\left(u \right)} d u}\right)}}$$
對於積分 $$$\int{\operatorname{atan}{\left(u \right)} d u}$$$,使用分部積分法 $$$\int \operatorname{g} \operatorname{dv} = \operatorname{g}\operatorname{v} - \int \operatorname{v} \operatorname{dg}$$$。
令 $$$\operatorname{g}=\operatorname{atan}{\left(u \right)}$$$ 與 $$$\operatorname{dv}=du$$$。
則 $$$\operatorname{dg}=\left(\operatorname{atan}{\left(u \right)}\right)^{\prime }du=\frac{du}{u^{2} + 1}$$$(步驟見 »),且 $$$\operatorname{v}=\int{1 d u}=u$$$(步驟見 »)。
該積分可改寫為
$$5 {\color{red}{\int{\operatorname{atan}{\left(u \right)} d u}}}=5 {\color{red}{\left(\operatorname{atan}{\left(u \right)} \cdot u-\int{u \cdot \frac{1}{u^{2} + 1} d u}\right)}}=5 {\color{red}{\left(u \operatorname{atan}{\left(u \right)} - \int{\frac{u}{u^{2} + 1} d u}\right)}}$$
令 $$$v=u^{2} + 1$$$。
則 $$$dv=\left(u^{2} + 1\right)^{\prime }du = 2 u du$$$ (步驟見»),並可得 $$$u du = \frac{dv}{2}$$$。
所以,
$$5 u \operatorname{atan}{\left(u \right)} - 5 {\color{red}{\int{\frac{u}{u^{2} + 1} d u}}} = 5 u \operatorname{atan}{\left(u \right)} - 5 {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{2 v} d v}}}$$
套用常數倍法則 $$$\int c f{\left(v \right)}\, dv = c \int f{\left(v \right)}\, dv$$$,使用 $$$c=\frac{1}{2}$$$ 與 $$$f{\left(v \right)} = \frac{1}{v}$$$:
$$5 u \operatorname{atan}{\left(u \right)} - 5 {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{2 v} d v}}} = 5 u \operatorname{atan}{\left(u \right)} - 5 {\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{\frac{1}{v} d v}}{2}\right)}}$$
$$$\frac{1}{v}$$$ 的積分是 $$$\int{\frac{1}{v} d v} = \ln{\left(\left|{v}\right| \right)}$$$:
$$5 u \operatorname{atan}{\left(u \right)} - \frac{5 {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{v} d v}}}}{2} = 5 u \operatorname{atan}{\left(u \right)} - \frac{5 {\color{red}{\ln{\left(\left|{v}\right| \right)}}}}{2}$$
回顧一下 $$$v=u^{2} + 1$$$:
$$5 u \operatorname{atan}{\left(u \right)} - \frac{5 \ln{\left(\left|{{\color{red}{v}}}\right| \right)}}{2} = 5 u \operatorname{atan}{\left(u \right)} - \frac{5 \ln{\left(\left|{{\color{red}{\left(u^{2} + 1\right)}}}\right| \right)}}{2}$$
回顧一下 $$$u=\frac{x}{5}$$$:
$$- \frac{5 \ln{\left(1 + {\color{red}{u}}^{2} \right)}}{2} + 5 {\color{red}{u}} \operatorname{atan}{\left({\color{red}{u}} \right)} = - \frac{5 \ln{\left(1 + {\color{red}{\left(\frac{x}{5}\right)}}^{2} \right)}}{2} + 5 {\color{red}{\left(\frac{x}{5}\right)}} \operatorname{atan}{\left({\color{red}{\left(\frac{x}{5}\right)}} \right)}$$
因此,
$$\int{\operatorname{atan}{\left(\frac{x}{5} \right)} d x} = x \operatorname{atan}{\left(\frac{x}{5} \right)} - \frac{5 \ln{\left(\frac{x^{2}}{25} + 1 \right)}}{2}$$
加上積分常數:
$$\int{\operatorname{atan}{\left(\frac{x}{5} \right)} d x} = x \operatorname{atan}{\left(\frac{x}{5} \right)} - \frac{5 \ln{\left(\frac{x^{2}}{25} + 1 \right)}}{2}+C$$
答案
$$$\int \operatorname{atan}{\left(\frac{x}{5} \right)}\, dx = \left(x \operatorname{atan}{\left(\frac{x}{5} \right)} - \frac{5 \ln\left(\frac{x^{2}}{25} + 1\right)}{2}\right) + C$$$A