$$$\sin^{4}{\left(6 x \right)}$$$ 的積分

求$$$\int \sin^{4}{\left(6 x \right)}\, dx$$$。

令 $$$u=6 x$$$。

則 $$$du=\left(6 x\right)^{\prime }dx = 6 dx$$$ (步驟見»)，並可得 $$$dx = \frac{du}{6}$$$。

因此，

$${\color{red}{\int{\sin^{4}{\left(6 x \right)} d x}}} = {\color{red}{\int{\frac{\sin^{4}{\left(u \right)}}{6} d u}}}$$

套用常數倍法則 $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$，使用 $$$c=\frac{1}{6}$$$ 與 $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \sin^{4}{\left(u \right)}$$$：

$${\color{red}{\int{\frac{\sin^{4}{\left(u \right)}}{6} d u}}} = {\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{\sin^{4}{\left(u \right)} d u}}{6}\right)}}$$

套用降冪公式 $$$\sin^{4}{\left(\alpha \right)} = - \frac{\cos{\left(2 \alpha \right)}}{2} + \frac{\cos{\left(4 \alpha \right)}}{8} + \frac{3}{8}$$$，令 $$$\alpha= u $$$:

$$\frac{{\color{red}{\int{\sin^{4}{\left(u \right)} d u}}}}{6} = \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\left(- \frac{\cos{\left(2 u \right)}}{2} + \frac{\cos{\left(4 u \right)}}{8} + \frac{3}{8}\right)d u}}}}{6}$$

套用常數倍法則 $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$，使用 $$$c=\frac{1}{8}$$$ 與 $$$f{\left(u \right)} = - 4 \cos{\left(2 u \right)} + \cos{\left(4 u \right)} + 3$$$：

$$\frac{{\color{red}{\int{\left(- \frac{\cos{\left(2 u \right)}}{2} + \frac{\cos{\left(4 u \right)}}{8} + \frac{3}{8}\right)d u}}}}{6} = \frac{{\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{\left(- 4 \cos{\left(2 u \right)} + \cos{\left(4 u \right)} + 3\right)d u}}{8}\right)}}}{6}$$

逐項積分：

$$\frac{{\color{red}{\int{\left(- 4 \cos{\left(2 u \right)} + \cos{\left(4 u \right)} + 3\right)d u}}}}{48} = \frac{{\color{red}{\left(\int{3 d u} - \int{4 \cos{\left(2 u \right)} d u} + \int{\cos{\left(4 u \right)} d u}\right)}}}{48}$$

配合 $$$c=3$$$，應用常數法則 $$$\int c\, du = c u$$$：

$$- \frac{\int{4 \cos{\left(2 u \right)} d u}}{48} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(4 u \right)} d u}}{48} + \frac{{\color{red}{\int{3 d u}}}}{48} = - \frac{\int{4 \cos{\left(2 u \right)} d u}}{48} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(4 u \right)} d u}}{48} + \frac{{\color{red}{\left(3 u\right)}}}{48}$$

套用常數倍法則 $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$，使用 $$$c=4$$$ 與 $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \cos{\left(2 u \right)}$$$：

$$\frac{u}{16} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(4 u \right)} d u}}{48} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{4 \cos{\left(2 u \right)} d u}}}}{48} = \frac{u}{16} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(4 u \right)} d u}}{48} - \frac{{\color{red}{\left(4 \int{\cos{\left(2 u \right)} d u}\right)}}}{48}$$

令 $$$v=2 u$$$。

則 $$$dv=\left(2 u\right)^{\prime }du = 2 du$$$ (步驟見»)，並可得 $$$du = \frac{dv}{2}$$$。

該積分變為

$$\frac{u}{16} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(4 u \right)} d u}}{48} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\cos{\left(2 u \right)} d u}}}}{12} = \frac{u}{16} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(4 u \right)} d u}}{48} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\frac{\cos{\left(v \right)}}{2} d v}}}}{12}$$

套用常數倍法則 $$$\int c f{\left(v \right)}\, dv = c \int f{\left(v \right)}\, dv$$$，使用 $$$c=\frac{1}{2}$$$ 與 $$$f{\left(v \right)} = \cos{\left(v \right)}$$$：

$$\frac{u}{16} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(4 u \right)} d u}}{48} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\frac{\cos{\left(v \right)}}{2} d v}}}}{12} = \frac{u}{16} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(4 u \right)} d u}}{48} - \frac{{\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{\cos{\left(v \right)} d v}}{2}\right)}}}{12}$$

餘弦函數的積分為 $$$\int{\cos{\left(v \right)} d v} = \sin{\left(v \right)}$$$：

$$\frac{u}{16} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(4 u \right)} d u}}{48} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\cos{\left(v \right)} d v}}}}{24} = \frac{u}{16} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(4 u \right)} d u}}{48} - \frac{{\color{red}{\sin{\left(v \right)}}}}{24}$$

回顧一下 $$$v=2 u$$$：

$$\frac{u}{16} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(4 u \right)} d u}}{48} - \frac{\sin{\left({\color{red}{v}} \right)}}{24} = \frac{u}{16} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(4 u \right)} d u}}{48} - \frac{\sin{\left({\color{red}{\left(2 u\right)}} \right)}}{24}$$

令 $$$v=4 u$$$。

則 $$$dv=\left(4 u\right)^{\prime }du = 4 du$$$ (步驟見»)，並可得 $$$du = \frac{dv}{4}$$$。

所以，

$$\frac{u}{16} - \frac{\sin{\left(2 u \right)}}{24} + \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\cos{\left(4 u \right)} d u}}}}{48} = \frac{u}{16} - \frac{\sin{\left(2 u \right)}}{24} + \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\frac{\cos{\left(v \right)}}{4} d v}}}}{48}$$

套用常數倍法則 $$$\int c f{\left(v \right)}\, dv = c \int f{\left(v \right)}\, dv$$$，使用 $$$c=\frac{1}{4}$$$ 與 $$$f{\left(v \right)} = \cos{\left(v \right)}$$$：

$$\frac{u}{16} - \frac{\sin{\left(2 u \right)}}{24} + \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\frac{\cos{\left(v \right)}}{4} d v}}}}{48} = \frac{u}{16} - \frac{\sin{\left(2 u \right)}}{24} + \frac{{\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{\cos{\left(v \right)} d v}}{4}\right)}}}{48}$$

餘弦函數的積分為 $$$\int{\cos{\left(v \right)} d v} = \sin{\left(v \right)}$$$：

$$\frac{u}{16} - \frac{\sin{\left(2 u \right)}}{24} + \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\cos{\left(v \right)} d v}}}}{192} = \frac{u}{16} - \frac{\sin{\left(2 u \right)}}{24} + \frac{{\color{red}{\sin{\left(v \right)}}}}{192}$$

回顧一下 $$$v=4 u$$$：

$$\frac{u}{16} - \frac{\sin{\left(2 u \right)}}{24} + \frac{\sin{\left({\color{red}{v}} \right)}}{192} = \frac{u}{16} - \frac{\sin{\left(2 u \right)}}{24} + \frac{\sin{\left({\color{red}{\left(4 u\right)}} \right)}}{192}$$

回顧一下 $$$u=6 x$$$：

$$- \frac{\sin{\left(2 {\color{red}{u}} \right)}}{24} + \frac{\sin{\left(4 {\color{red}{u}} \right)}}{192} + \frac{{\color{red}{u}}}{16} = - \frac{\sin{\left(2 {\color{red}{\left(6 x\right)}} \right)}}{24} + \frac{\sin{\left(4 {\color{red}{\left(6 x\right)}} \right)}}{192} + \frac{{\color{red}{\left(6 x\right)}}}{16}$$

因此，

$$\int{\sin^{4}{\left(6 x \right)} d x} = \frac{3 x}{8} - \frac{\sin{\left(12 x \right)}}{24} + \frac{\sin{\left(24 x \right)}}{192}$$

化簡：

$$\int{\sin^{4}{\left(6 x \right)} d x} = \frac{72 x - 8 \sin{\left(12 x \right)} + \sin{\left(24 x \right)}}{192}$$

加上積分常數：

$$\int{\sin^{4}{\left(6 x \right)} d x} = \frac{72 x - 8 \sin{\left(12 x \right)} + \sin{\left(24 x \right)}}{192}+C$$

$$$\int \sin^{4}{\left(6 x \right)}\, dx = \frac{72 x - 8 \sin{\left(12 x \right)} + \sin{\left(24 x \right)}}{192} + C$$$A