$$$x^{3} \left(- x - 2\right)$$$ 的積分
您的輸入
求$$$\int x^{3} \left(- x - 2\right)\, dx$$$。
解答
簡化被積函數:
$${\color{red}{\int{x^{3} \left(- x - 2\right) d x}}} = {\color{red}{\int{\left(- x^{3} \left(x + 2\right)\right)d x}}}$$
套用常數倍法則 $$$\int c f{\left(x \right)}\, dx = c \int f{\left(x \right)}\, dx$$$,使用 $$$c=-1$$$ 與 $$$f{\left(x \right)} = x^{3} \left(x + 2\right)$$$:
$${\color{red}{\int{\left(- x^{3} \left(x + 2\right)\right)d x}}} = {\color{red}{\left(- \int{x^{3} \left(x + 2\right) d x}\right)}}$$
Expand the expression:
$$- {\color{red}{\int{x^{3} \left(x + 2\right) d x}}} = - {\color{red}{\int{\left(x^{4} + 2 x^{3}\right)d x}}}$$
逐項積分:
$$- {\color{red}{\int{\left(x^{4} + 2 x^{3}\right)d x}}} = - {\color{red}{\left(\int{2 x^{3} d x} + \int{x^{4} d x}\right)}}$$
套用冪次法則 $$$\int x^{n}\, dx = \frac{x^{n + 1}}{n + 1}$$$ $$$\left(n \neq -1 \right)$$$,以 $$$n=4$$$:
$$- \int{2 x^{3} d x} - {\color{red}{\int{x^{4} d x}}}=- \int{2 x^{3} d x} - {\color{red}{\frac{x^{1 + 4}}{1 + 4}}}=- \int{2 x^{3} d x} - {\color{red}{\left(\frac{x^{5}}{5}\right)}}$$
套用常數倍法則 $$$\int c f{\left(x \right)}\, dx = c \int f{\left(x \right)}\, dx$$$,使用 $$$c=2$$$ 與 $$$f{\left(x \right)} = x^{3}$$$:
$$- \frac{x^{5}}{5} - {\color{red}{\int{2 x^{3} d x}}} = - \frac{x^{5}}{5} - {\color{red}{\left(2 \int{x^{3} d x}\right)}}$$
套用冪次法則 $$$\int x^{n}\, dx = \frac{x^{n + 1}}{n + 1}$$$ $$$\left(n \neq -1 \right)$$$,以 $$$n=3$$$:
$$- \frac{x^{5}}{5} - 2 {\color{red}{\int{x^{3} d x}}}=- \frac{x^{5}}{5} - 2 {\color{red}{\frac{x^{1 + 3}}{1 + 3}}}=- \frac{x^{5}}{5} - 2 {\color{red}{\left(\frac{x^{4}}{4}\right)}}$$
因此,
$$\int{x^{3} \left(- x - 2\right) d x} = - \frac{x^{5}}{5} - \frac{x^{4}}{2}$$
化簡:
$$\int{x^{3} \left(- x - 2\right) d x} = \frac{x^{4} \left(- 2 x - 5\right)}{10}$$
加上積分常數:
$$\int{x^{3} \left(- x - 2\right) d x} = \frac{x^{4} \left(- 2 x - 5\right)}{10}+C$$
答案
$$$\int x^{3} \left(- x - 2\right)\, dx = \frac{x^{4} \left(- 2 x - 5\right)}{10} + C$$$A