$$$\ln\left(x \sin{\left(c \right)}\right)$$$ 关于$$$x$$$的积分

求$$$\int \ln\left(x \sin{\left(c \right)}\right)\, dx$$$。

设$$$u=x \sin{\left(c \right)}$$$。

则$$$du=\left(x \sin{\left(c \right)}\right)^{\prime }dx = \sin{\left(c \right)} dx$$$ (步骤见»)，并有$$$dx = \frac{du}{\sin{\left(c \right)}}$$$。

所以，

$${\color{red}{\int{\ln{\left(x \sin{\left(c \right)} \right)} d x}}} = {\color{red}{\int{\frac{\ln{\left(u \right)}}{\sin{\left(c \right)}} d u}}}$$

对 $$$c=\frac{1}{\sin{\left(c \right)}}$$$ 和 $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \ln{\left(u \right)}$$$ 应用常数倍法则 $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$：

$${\color{red}{\int{\frac{\ln{\left(u \right)}}{\sin{\left(c \right)}} d u}}} = {\color{red}{\frac{\int{\ln{\left(u \right)} d u}}{\sin{\left(c \right)}}}}$$

对于积分$$$\int{\ln{\left(u \right)} d u}$$$，使用分部积分法$$$\int \operatorname{m} \operatorname{dv} = \operatorname{m}\operatorname{v} - \int \operatorname{v} \operatorname{dm}$$$。

设 $$$\operatorname{m}=\ln{\left(u \right)}$$$ 和 $$$\operatorname{dv}=du$$$。

则 $$$\operatorname{dm}=\left(\ln{\left(u \right)}\right)^{\prime }du=\frac{du}{u}$$$ (步骤见 »)，并且 $$$\operatorname{v}=\int{1 d u}=u$$$ (步骤见 »)。

所以，

$$\frac{{\color{red}{\int{\ln{\left(u \right)} d u}}}}{\sin{\left(c \right)}}=\frac{{\color{red}{\left(\ln{\left(u \right)} \cdot u-\int{u \cdot \frac{1}{u} d u}\right)}}}{\sin{\left(c \right)}}=\frac{{\color{red}{\left(u \ln{\left(u \right)} - \int{1 d u}\right)}}}{\sin{\left(c \right)}}$$

应用常数法则 $$$\int c\, du = c u$$$，使用 $$$c=1$$$：

$$\frac{u \ln{\left(u \right)} - {\color{red}{\int{1 d u}}}}{\sin{\left(c \right)}} = \frac{u \ln{\left(u \right)} - {\color{red}{u}}}{\sin{\left(c \right)}}$$

回忆一下 $$$u=x \sin{\left(c \right)}$$$:

$$\frac{- {\color{red}{u}} + {\color{red}{u}} \ln{\left({\color{red}{u}} \right)}}{\sin{\left(c \right)}} = \frac{- {\color{red}{x \sin{\left(c \right)}}} + {\color{red}{x \sin{\left(c \right)}}} \ln{\left({\color{red}{x \sin{\left(c \right)}}} \right)}}{\sin{\left(c \right)}}$$

因此，

$$\int{\ln{\left(x \sin{\left(c \right)} \right)} d x} = \frac{x \ln{\left(x \sin{\left(c \right)} \right)} \sin{\left(c \right)} - x \sin{\left(c \right)}}{\sin{\left(c \right)}}$$

化简：

$$\int{\ln{\left(x \sin{\left(c \right)} \right)} d x} = x \left(\ln{\left(x \sin{\left(c \right)} \right)} - 1\right)$$

加上积分常数：

$$\int{\ln{\left(x \sin{\left(c \right)} \right)} d x} = x \left(\ln{\left(x \sin{\left(c \right)} \right)} - 1\right)+C$$

$$$\int \ln\left(x \sin{\left(c \right)}\right)\, dx = x \left(\ln\left(x \sin{\left(c \right)}\right) - 1\right) + C$$$A