$$$\frac{1}{x \sqrt{25 - x^{2}}}$$$ 的积分
您的输入
求$$$\int \frac{1}{x \sqrt{25 - x^{2}}}\, dx$$$。
解答
设$$$u=\frac{1}{x}$$$。
则$$$du=\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)^{\prime }dx = - \frac{1}{x^{2}} dx$$$ (步骤见»),并有$$$\frac{dx}{x^{2}} = - du$$$。
所以,
$${\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{x \sqrt{25 - x^{2}}} d x}}} = {\color{red}{\int{\left(- \frac{1}{\sqrt{25 u^{2} - 1}}\right)d u}}}$$
对 $$$c=-1$$$ 和 $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{25 u^{2} - 1}}$$$ 应用常数倍法则 $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$:
$${\color{red}{\int{\left(- \frac{1}{\sqrt{25 u^{2} - 1}}\right)d u}}} = {\color{red}{\left(- \int{\frac{1}{\sqrt{25 u^{2} - 1}} d u}\right)}}$$
设$$$u=\frac{\cosh{\left(v \right)}}{5}$$$。
则$$$du=\left(\frac{\cosh{\left(v \right)}}{5}\right)^{\prime }dv = \frac{\sinh{\left(v \right)}}{5} dv$$$(步骤见»)。
此外,可得$$$v=\operatorname{acosh}{\left(5 u \right)}$$$。
被积函数变为
$$$\frac{1}{\sqrt{25 u ^{2} - 1}} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{\cosh^{2}{\left( v \right)} - 1}}$$$
利用恒等式 $$$\cosh^{2}{\left( v \right)} - 1 = \sinh^{2}{\left( v \right)}$$$:
$$$\frac{1}{\sqrt{\cosh^{2}{\left( v \right)} - 1}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{\sinh^{2}{\left( v \right)}}}$$$
假设$$$\sinh{\left( v \right)} \ge 0$$$,我们得到如下结果:
$$$\frac{1}{\sqrt{\sinh^{2}{\left( v \right)}}} = \frac{1}{\sinh{\left( v \right)}}$$$
积分可以改写为
$$- {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{\sqrt{25 u^{2} - 1}} d u}}} = - {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{5} d v}}}$$
应用常数法则 $$$\int c\, dv = c v$$$,使用 $$$c=\frac{1}{5}$$$:
$$- {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{5} d v}}} = - {\color{red}{\left(\frac{v}{5}\right)}}$$
回忆一下 $$$v=\operatorname{acosh}{\left(5 u \right)}$$$:
$$- \frac{{\color{red}{v}}}{5} = - \frac{{\color{red}{\operatorname{acosh}{\left(5 u \right)}}}}{5}$$
回忆一下 $$$u=\frac{1}{x}$$$:
$$- \frac{\operatorname{acosh}{\left(5 {\color{red}{u}} \right)}}{5} = - \frac{\operatorname{acosh}{\left(5 {\color{red}{\frac{1}{x}}} \right)}}{5}$$
因此,
$$\int{\frac{1}{x \sqrt{25 - x^{2}}} d x} = - \frac{\operatorname{acosh}{\left(\frac{5}{x} \right)}}{5}$$
加上积分常数:
$$\int{\frac{1}{x \sqrt{25 - x^{2}}} d x} = - \frac{\operatorname{acosh}{\left(\frac{5}{x} \right)}}{5}+C$$
答案
$$$\int \frac{1}{x \sqrt{25 - x^{2}}}\, dx = - \frac{\operatorname{acosh}{\left(\frac{5}{x} \right)}}{5} + C$$$A