$$$\sin^{2}{\left(x \right)} \cos^{3}{\left(3 x \right)}$$$ 的积分

求$$$\int \sin^{2}{\left(x \right)} \cos^{3}{\left(3 x \right)}\, dx$$$。

应用降幂公式 $$$\sin^{2}{\left(\alpha \right)} = \frac{1}{2} - \frac{\cos{\left(2 \alpha \right)}}{2}$$$，并令 $$$\alpha=x$$$:

$${\color{red}{\int{\sin^{2}{\left(x \right)} \cos^{3}{\left(3 x \right)} d x}}} = {\color{red}{\int{\frac{\left(1 - \cos{\left(2 x \right)}\right) \cos^{3}{\left(3 x \right)}}{2} d x}}}$$

应用降幂公式 $$$\cos^{3}{\left(\alpha \right)} = \frac{3 \cos{\left(\alpha \right)}}{4} + \frac{\cos{\left(3 \alpha \right)}}{4}$$$，并令 $$$\alpha=3 x$$$:

$${\color{red}{\int{\frac{\left(1 - \cos{\left(2 x \right)}\right) \cos^{3}{\left(3 x \right)}}{2} d x}}} = {\color{red}{\int{\frac{\left(1 - \cos{\left(2 x \right)}\right) \left(3 \cos{\left(3 x \right)} + \cos{\left(9 x \right)}\right)}{8} d x}}}$$

对 $$$c=\frac{1}{8}$$$ 和 $$$f{\left(x \right)} = \left(1 - \cos{\left(2 x \right)}\right) \left(3 \cos{\left(3 x \right)} + \cos{\left(9 x \right)}\right)$$$ 应用常数倍法则 $$$\int c f{\left(x \right)}\, dx = c \int f{\left(x \right)}\, dx$$$：

$${\color{red}{\int{\frac{\left(1 - \cos{\left(2 x \right)}\right) \left(3 \cos{\left(3 x \right)} + \cos{\left(9 x \right)}\right)}{8} d x}}} = {\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{\left(1 - \cos{\left(2 x \right)}\right) \left(3 \cos{\left(3 x \right)} + \cos{\left(9 x \right)}\right) d x}}{8}\right)}}$$

Expand the expression:

$$\frac{{\color{red}{\int{\left(1 - \cos{\left(2 x \right)}\right) \left(3 \cos{\left(3 x \right)} + \cos{\left(9 x \right)}\right) d x}}}}{8} = \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\left(- 3 \cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(3 x \right)} - \cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(9 x \right)} + 3 \cos{\left(3 x \right)} + \cos{\left(9 x \right)}\right)d x}}}}{8}$$

逐项积分：

$$\frac{{\color{red}{\int{\left(- 3 \cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(3 x \right)} - \cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(9 x \right)} + 3 \cos{\left(3 x \right)} + \cos{\left(9 x \right)}\right)d x}}}}{8} = \frac{{\color{red}{\left(- \int{3 \cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(3 x \right)} d x} - \int{\cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x} + \int{3 \cos{\left(3 x \right)} d x} + \int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}\right)}}}{8}$$

对 $$$c=3$$$ 和 $$$f{\left(x \right)} = \cos{\left(3 x \right)}$$$ 应用常数倍法则 $$$\int c f{\left(x \right)}\, dx = c \int f{\left(x \right)}\, dx$$$：

$$- \frac{\int{3 \cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(3 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{\int{\cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} + \frac{{\color{red}{\int{3 \cos{\left(3 x \right)} d x}}}}{8} = - \frac{\int{3 \cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(3 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{\int{\cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} + \frac{{\color{red}{\left(3 \int{\cos{\left(3 x \right)} d x}\right)}}}{8}$$

设$$$u=3 x$$$。

则$$$du=\left(3 x\right)^{\prime }dx = 3 dx$$$ (步骤见»)，并有$$$dx = \frac{du}{3}$$$。

该积分可以改写为

$$- \frac{\int{3 \cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(3 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{\int{\cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} + \frac{3 {\color{red}{\int{\cos{\left(3 x \right)} d x}}}}{8} = - \frac{\int{3 \cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(3 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{\int{\cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} + \frac{3 {\color{red}{\int{\frac{\cos{\left(u \right)}}{3} d u}}}}{8}$$

对 $$$c=\frac{1}{3}$$$ 和 $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \cos{\left(u \right)}$$$ 应用常数倍法则 $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$：

$$- \frac{\int{3 \cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(3 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{\int{\cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} + \frac{3 {\color{red}{\int{\frac{\cos{\left(u \right)}}{3} d u}}}}{8} = - \frac{\int{3 \cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(3 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{\int{\cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} + \frac{3 {\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{\cos{\left(u \right)} d u}}{3}\right)}}}{8}$$

余弦函数的积分为 $$$\int{\cos{\left(u \right)} d u} = \sin{\left(u \right)}$$$：

$$- \frac{\int{3 \cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(3 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{\int{\cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} + \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\cos{\left(u \right)} d u}}}}{8} = - \frac{\int{3 \cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(3 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{\int{\cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} + \frac{{\color{red}{\sin{\left(u \right)}}}}{8}$$

回忆一下 $$$u=3 x$$$:

$$- \frac{\int{3 \cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(3 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{\int{\cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} + \frac{\sin{\left({\color{red}{u}} \right)}}{8} = - \frac{\int{3 \cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(3 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{\int{\cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} + \frac{\sin{\left({\color{red}{\left(3 x\right)}} \right)}}{8}$$

使用公式 $$$\cos\left(\alpha \right)\cos\left(\beta \right)=\frac{1}{2} \cos\left(\alpha-\beta \right)+\frac{1}{2} \cos\left(\alpha+\beta \right)$$$ 并结合 $$$\alpha=2 x$$$ 和 $$$\beta=9 x$$$ 重写被积函数:

$$\frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{\int{3 \cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(3 x \right)} d x}}{8} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}}}{8} = \frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{\int{3 \cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(3 x \right)} d x}}{8} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\left(\frac{\cos{\left(7 x \right)}}{2} + \frac{\cos{\left(11 x \right)}}{2}\right)d x}}}}{8}$$

对 $$$c=\frac{1}{2}$$$ 和 $$$f{\left(x \right)} = \cos{\left(7 x \right)} + \cos{\left(11 x \right)}$$$ 应用常数倍法则 $$$\int c f{\left(x \right)}\, dx = c \int f{\left(x \right)}\, dx$$$：

$$\frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{\int{3 \cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(3 x \right)} d x}}{8} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\left(\frac{\cos{\left(7 x \right)}}{2} + \frac{\cos{\left(11 x \right)}}{2}\right)d x}}}}{8} = \frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{\int{3 \cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(3 x \right)} d x}}{8} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{{\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{\left(\cos{\left(7 x \right)} + \cos{\left(11 x \right)}\right)d x}}{2}\right)}}}{8}$$

逐项积分：

$$\frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{\int{3 \cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(3 x \right)} d x}}{8} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\left(\cos{\left(7 x \right)} + \cos{\left(11 x \right)}\right)d x}}}}{16} = \frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{\int{3 \cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(3 x \right)} d x}}{8} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{{\color{red}{\left(\int{\cos{\left(7 x \right)} d x} + \int{\cos{\left(11 x \right)} d x}\right)}}}{16}$$

设$$$u=7 x$$$。

则$$$du=\left(7 x\right)^{\prime }dx = 7 dx$$$ (步骤见»)，并有$$$dx = \frac{du}{7}$$$。

该积分可以改写为

$$\frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{\int{3 \cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(3 x \right)} d x}}{8} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{\int{\cos{\left(11 x \right)} d x}}{16} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\cos{\left(7 x \right)} d x}}}}{16} = \frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{\int{3 \cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(3 x \right)} d x}}{8} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{\int{\cos{\left(11 x \right)} d x}}{16} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\frac{\cos{\left(u \right)}}{7} d u}}}}{16}$$

对 $$$c=\frac{1}{7}$$$ 和 $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \cos{\left(u \right)}$$$ 应用常数倍法则 $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$：

$$\frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{\int{3 \cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(3 x \right)} d x}}{8} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{\int{\cos{\left(11 x \right)} d x}}{16} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\frac{\cos{\left(u \right)}}{7} d u}}}}{16} = \frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{\int{3 \cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(3 x \right)} d x}}{8} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{\int{\cos{\left(11 x \right)} d x}}{16} - \frac{{\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{\cos{\left(u \right)} d u}}{7}\right)}}}{16}$$

余弦函数的积分为 $$$\int{\cos{\left(u \right)} d u} = \sin{\left(u \right)}$$$：

$$\frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{\int{3 \cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(3 x \right)} d x}}{8} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{\int{\cos{\left(11 x \right)} d x}}{16} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\cos{\left(u \right)} d u}}}}{112} = \frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{\int{3 \cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(3 x \right)} d x}}{8} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{\int{\cos{\left(11 x \right)} d x}}{16} - \frac{{\color{red}{\sin{\left(u \right)}}}}{112}$$

回忆一下 $$$u=7 x$$$:

$$\frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{\int{3 \cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(3 x \right)} d x}}{8} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{\int{\cos{\left(11 x \right)} d x}}{16} - \frac{\sin{\left({\color{red}{u}} \right)}}{112} = \frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{\int{3 \cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(3 x \right)} d x}}{8} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{\int{\cos{\left(11 x \right)} d x}}{16} - \frac{\sin{\left({\color{red}{\left(7 x\right)}} \right)}}{112}$$

设$$$u=11 x$$$。

则$$$du=\left(11 x\right)^{\prime }dx = 11 dx$$$ (步骤见»)，并有$$$dx = \frac{du}{11}$$$。

因此，

$$\frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{\sin{\left(7 x \right)}}{112} - \frac{\int{3 \cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(3 x \right)} d x}}{8} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\cos{\left(11 x \right)} d x}}}}{16} = \frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{\sin{\left(7 x \right)}}{112} - \frac{\int{3 \cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(3 x \right)} d x}}{8} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\frac{\cos{\left(u \right)}}{11} d u}}}}{16}$$

对 $$$c=\frac{1}{11}$$$ 和 $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \cos{\left(u \right)}$$$ 应用常数倍法则 $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$：

$$\frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{\sin{\left(7 x \right)}}{112} - \frac{\int{3 \cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(3 x \right)} d x}}{8} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\frac{\cos{\left(u \right)}}{11} d u}}}}{16} = \frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{\sin{\left(7 x \right)}}{112} - \frac{\int{3 \cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(3 x \right)} d x}}{8} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{{\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{\cos{\left(u \right)} d u}}{11}\right)}}}{16}$$

余弦函数的积分为 $$$\int{\cos{\left(u \right)} d u} = \sin{\left(u \right)}$$$：

$$\frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{\sin{\left(7 x \right)}}{112} - \frac{\int{3 \cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(3 x \right)} d x}}{8} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\cos{\left(u \right)} d u}}}}{176} = \frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{\sin{\left(7 x \right)}}{112} - \frac{\int{3 \cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(3 x \right)} d x}}{8} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{{\color{red}{\sin{\left(u \right)}}}}{176}$$

回忆一下 $$$u=11 x$$$:

$$\frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{\sin{\left(7 x \right)}}{112} - \frac{\int{3 \cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(3 x \right)} d x}}{8} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{\sin{\left({\color{red}{u}} \right)}}{176} = \frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{\sin{\left(7 x \right)}}{112} - \frac{\int{3 \cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(3 x \right)} d x}}{8} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{\sin{\left({\color{red}{\left(11 x\right)}} \right)}}{176}$$

使用公式 $$$\cos\left(\alpha \right)\cos\left(\beta \right)=\frac{1}{2} \cos\left(\alpha-\beta \right)+\frac{1}{2} \cos\left(\alpha+\beta \right)$$$，取 $$$\alpha=2 x$$$ 和 $$$\beta=3 x$$$，将 $$$\cos\left(2 x \right)\cos\left(3 x \right)$$$ 重写:

$$\frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{\sin{\left(7 x \right)}}{112} - \frac{\sin{\left(11 x \right)}}{176} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{3 \cos{\left(2 x \right)} \cos{\left(3 x \right)} d x}}}}{8} = \frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{\sin{\left(7 x \right)}}{112} - \frac{\sin{\left(11 x \right)}}{176} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\left(\frac{3 \cos{\left(x \right)}}{2} + \frac{3 \cos{\left(5 x \right)}}{2}\right)d x}}}}{8}$$

对 $$$c=\frac{1}{2}$$$ 和 $$$f{\left(x \right)} = 3 \cos{\left(x \right)} + 3 \cos{\left(5 x \right)}$$$ 应用常数倍法则 $$$\int c f{\left(x \right)}\, dx = c \int f{\left(x \right)}\, dx$$$：

$$\frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{\sin{\left(7 x \right)}}{112} - \frac{\sin{\left(11 x \right)}}{176} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\left(\frac{3 \cos{\left(x \right)}}{2} + \frac{3 \cos{\left(5 x \right)}}{2}\right)d x}}}}{8} = \frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{\sin{\left(7 x \right)}}{112} - \frac{\sin{\left(11 x \right)}}{176} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{{\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{\left(3 \cos{\left(x \right)} + 3 \cos{\left(5 x \right)}\right)d x}}{2}\right)}}}{8}$$

逐项积分：

$$\frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{\sin{\left(7 x \right)}}{112} - \frac{\sin{\left(11 x \right)}}{176} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\left(3 \cos{\left(x \right)} + 3 \cos{\left(5 x \right)}\right)d x}}}}{16} = \frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{\sin{\left(7 x \right)}}{112} - \frac{\sin{\left(11 x \right)}}{176} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{{\color{red}{\left(\int{3 \cos{\left(x \right)} d x} + \int{3 \cos{\left(5 x \right)} d x}\right)}}}{16}$$

对 $$$c=3$$$ 和 $$$f{\left(x \right)} = \cos{\left(x \right)}$$$ 应用常数倍法则 $$$\int c f{\left(x \right)}\, dx = c \int f{\left(x \right)}\, dx$$$：

$$\frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{\sin{\left(7 x \right)}}{112} - \frac{\sin{\left(11 x \right)}}{176} - \frac{\int{3 \cos{\left(5 x \right)} d x}}{16} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{3 \cos{\left(x \right)} d x}}}}{16} = \frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{\sin{\left(7 x \right)}}{112} - \frac{\sin{\left(11 x \right)}}{176} - \frac{\int{3 \cos{\left(5 x \right)} d x}}{16} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{{\color{red}{\left(3 \int{\cos{\left(x \right)} d x}\right)}}}{16}$$

余弦函数的积分为 $$$\int{\cos{\left(x \right)} d x} = \sin{\left(x \right)}$$$：

$$\frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{\sin{\left(7 x \right)}}{112} - \frac{\sin{\left(11 x \right)}}{176} - \frac{\int{3 \cos{\left(5 x \right)} d x}}{16} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{3 {\color{red}{\int{\cos{\left(x \right)} d x}}}}{16} = \frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{\sin{\left(7 x \right)}}{112} - \frac{\sin{\left(11 x \right)}}{176} - \frac{\int{3 \cos{\left(5 x \right)} d x}}{16} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{3 {\color{red}{\sin{\left(x \right)}}}}{16}$$

对 $$$c=3$$$ 和 $$$f{\left(x \right)} = \cos{\left(5 x \right)}$$$ 应用常数倍法则 $$$\int c f{\left(x \right)}\, dx = c \int f{\left(x \right)}\, dx$$$：

$$- \frac{3 \sin{\left(x \right)}}{16} + \frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{\sin{\left(7 x \right)}}{112} - \frac{\sin{\left(11 x \right)}}{176} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{3 \cos{\left(5 x \right)} d x}}}}{16} = - \frac{3 \sin{\left(x \right)}}{16} + \frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{\sin{\left(7 x \right)}}{112} - \frac{\sin{\left(11 x \right)}}{176} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{{\color{red}{\left(3 \int{\cos{\left(5 x \right)} d x}\right)}}}{16}$$

设$$$u=5 x$$$。

则$$$du=\left(5 x\right)^{\prime }dx = 5 dx$$$ (步骤见»)，并有$$$dx = \frac{du}{5}$$$。

积分变为

$$- \frac{3 \sin{\left(x \right)}}{16} + \frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{\sin{\left(7 x \right)}}{112} - \frac{\sin{\left(11 x \right)}}{176} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{3 {\color{red}{\int{\cos{\left(5 x \right)} d x}}}}{16} = - \frac{3 \sin{\left(x \right)}}{16} + \frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{\sin{\left(7 x \right)}}{112} - \frac{\sin{\left(11 x \right)}}{176} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{3 {\color{red}{\int{\frac{\cos{\left(u \right)}}{5} d u}}}}{16}$$

对 $$$c=\frac{1}{5}$$$ 和 $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \cos{\left(u \right)}$$$ 应用常数倍法则 $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$：

$$- \frac{3 \sin{\left(x \right)}}{16} + \frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{\sin{\left(7 x \right)}}{112} - \frac{\sin{\left(11 x \right)}}{176} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{3 {\color{red}{\int{\frac{\cos{\left(u \right)}}{5} d u}}}}{16} = - \frac{3 \sin{\left(x \right)}}{16} + \frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{\sin{\left(7 x \right)}}{112} - \frac{\sin{\left(11 x \right)}}{176} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{3 {\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{\cos{\left(u \right)} d u}}{5}\right)}}}{16}$$

余弦函数的积分为 $$$\int{\cos{\left(u \right)} d u} = \sin{\left(u \right)}$$$：

$$- \frac{3 \sin{\left(x \right)}}{16} + \frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{\sin{\left(7 x \right)}}{112} - \frac{\sin{\left(11 x \right)}}{176} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{3 {\color{red}{\int{\cos{\left(u \right)} d u}}}}{80} = - \frac{3 \sin{\left(x \right)}}{16} + \frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{\sin{\left(7 x \right)}}{112} - \frac{\sin{\left(11 x \right)}}{176} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{3 {\color{red}{\sin{\left(u \right)}}}}{80}$$

回忆一下 $$$u=5 x$$$:

$$- \frac{3 \sin{\left(x \right)}}{16} + \frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{\sin{\left(7 x \right)}}{112} - \frac{\sin{\left(11 x \right)}}{176} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{3 \sin{\left({\color{red}{u}} \right)}}{80} = - \frac{3 \sin{\left(x \right)}}{16} + \frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{\sin{\left(7 x \right)}}{112} - \frac{\sin{\left(11 x \right)}}{176} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}{8} - \frac{3 \sin{\left({\color{red}{\left(5 x\right)}} \right)}}{80}$$

设$$$u=9 x$$$。

则$$$du=\left(9 x\right)^{\prime }dx = 9 dx$$$ (步骤见»)，并有$$$dx = \frac{du}{9}$$$。

因此，

$$- \frac{3 \sin{\left(x \right)}}{16} + \frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{3 \sin{\left(5 x \right)}}{80} - \frac{\sin{\left(7 x \right)}}{112} - \frac{\sin{\left(11 x \right)}}{176} + \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\cos{\left(9 x \right)} d x}}}}{8} = - \frac{3 \sin{\left(x \right)}}{16} + \frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{3 \sin{\left(5 x \right)}}{80} - \frac{\sin{\left(7 x \right)}}{112} - \frac{\sin{\left(11 x \right)}}{176} + \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\frac{\cos{\left(u \right)}}{9} d u}}}}{8}$$

对 $$$c=\frac{1}{9}$$$ 和 $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \cos{\left(u \right)}$$$ 应用常数倍法则 $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$：

$$- \frac{3 \sin{\left(x \right)}}{16} + \frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{3 \sin{\left(5 x \right)}}{80} - \frac{\sin{\left(7 x \right)}}{112} - \frac{\sin{\left(11 x \right)}}{176} + \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\frac{\cos{\left(u \right)}}{9} d u}}}}{8} = - \frac{3 \sin{\left(x \right)}}{16} + \frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{3 \sin{\left(5 x \right)}}{80} - \frac{\sin{\left(7 x \right)}}{112} - \frac{\sin{\left(11 x \right)}}{176} + \frac{{\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{\cos{\left(u \right)} d u}}{9}\right)}}}{8}$$

余弦函数的积分为 $$$\int{\cos{\left(u \right)} d u} = \sin{\left(u \right)}$$$：

$$- \frac{3 \sin{\left(x \right)}}{16} + \frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{3 \sin{\left(5 x \right)}}{80} - \frac{\sin{\left(7 x \right)}}{112} - \frac{\sin{\left(11 x \right)}}{176} + \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\cos{\left(u \right)} d u}}}}{72} = - \frac{3 \sin{\left(x \right)}}{16} + \frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{3 \sin{\left(5 x \right)}}{80} - \frac{\sin{\left(7 x \right)}}{112} - \frac{\sin{\left(11 x \right)}}{176} + \frac{{\color{red}{\sin{\left(u \right)}}}}{72}$$

回忆一下 $$$u=9 x$$$:

$$- \frac{3 \sin{\left(x \right)}}{16} + \frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{3 \sin{\left(5 x \right)}}{80} - \frac{\sin{\left(7 x \right)}}{112} - \frac{\sin{\left(11 x \right)}}{176} + \frac{\sin{\left({\color{red}{u}} \right)}}{72} = - \frac{3 \sin{\left(x \right)}}{16} + \frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{3 \sin{\left(5 x \right)}}{80} - \frac{\sin{\left(7 x \right)}}{112} - \frac{\sin{\left(11 x \right)}}{176} + \frac{\sin{\left({\color{red}{\left(9 x\right)}} \right)}}{72}$$

因此，

$$\int{\sin^{2}{\left(x \right)} \cos^{3}{\left(3 x \right)} d x} = - \frac{3 \sin{\left(x \right)}}{16} + \frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{3 \sin{\left(5 x \right)}}{80} - \frac{\sin{\left(7 x \right)}}{112} + \frac{\sin{\left(9 x \right)}}{72} - \frac{\sin{\left(11 x \right)}}{176}$$

加上积分常数：

$$\int{\sin^{2}{\left(x \right)} \cos^{3}{\left(3 x \right)} d x} = - \frac{3 \sin{\left(x \right)}}{16} + \frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{3 \sin{\left(5 x \right)}}{80} - \frac{\sin{\left(7 x \right)}}{112} + \frac{\sin{\left(9 x \right)}}{72} - \frac{\sin{\left(11 x \right)}}{176}+C$$

$$$\int \sin^{2}{\left(x \right)} \cos^{3}{\left(3 x \right)}\, dx = \left(- \frac{3 \sin{\left(x \right)}}{16} + \frac{\sin{\left(3 x \right)}}{8} - \frac{3 \sin{\left(5 x \right)}}{80} - \frac{\sin{\left(7 x \right)}}{112} + \frac{\sin{\left(9 x \right)}}{72} - \frac{\sin{\left(11 x \right)}}{176}\right) + C$$$A