$$$9 \sin{\left(3 x \right)}$$$ 的积分

求$$$\int 9 \sin{\left(3 x \right)}\, dx$$$。

对 $$$c=9$$$ 和 $$$f{\left(x \right)} = \sin{\left(3 x \right)}$$$ 应用常数倍法则 $$$\int c f{\left(x \right)}\, dx = c \int f{\left(x \right)}\, dx$$$：

$${\color{red}{\int{9 \sin{\left(3 x \right)} d x}}} = {\color{red}{\left(9 \int{\sin{\left(3 x \right)} d x}\right)}}$$

设$$$u=3 x$$$。

则$$$du=\left(3 x\right)^{\prime }dx = 3 dx$$$ (步骤见»)，并有$$$dx = \frac{du}{3}$$$。

因此，

$$9 {\color{red}{\int{\sin{\left(3 x \right)} d x}}} = 9 {\color{red}{\int{\frac{\sin{\left(u \right)}}{3} d u}}}$$

对 $$$c=\frac{1}{3}$$$ 和 $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \sin{\left(u \right)}$$$ 应用常数倍法则 $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$：

$$9 {\color{red}{\int{\frac{\sin{\left(u \right)}}{3} d u}}} = 9 {\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{\sin{\left(u \right)} d u}}{3}\right)}}$$

正弦函数的积分为 $$$\int{\sin{\left(u \right)} d u} = - \cos{\left(u \right)}$$$:

$$3 {\color{red}{\int{\sin{\left(u \right)} d u}}} = 3 {\color{red}{\left(- \cos{\left(u \right)}\right)}}$$

回忆一下 $$$u=3 x$$$:

$$- 3 \cos{\left({\color{red}{u}} \right)} = - 3 \cos{\left({\color{red}{\left(3 x\right)}} \right)}$$

因此，

$$\int{9 \sin{\left(3 x \right)} d x} = - 3 \cos{\left(3 x \right)}$$

加上积分常数：

$$\int{9 \sin{\left(3 x \right)} d x} = - 3 \cos{\left(3 x \right)}+C$$

$$$\int 9 \sin{\left(3 x \right)}\, dx = - 3 \cos{\left(3 x \right)} + C$$$A