Integralen av $$$x \sin{\left(x \right)}$$$

Bestäm $$$\int x \sin{\left(x \right)}\, dx$$$.

För integralen $$$\int{x \sin{\left(x \right)} d x}$$$, använd partiell integration $$$\int \operatorname{u} \operatorname{dv} = \operatorname{u}\operatorname{v} - \int \operatorname{v} \operatorname{du}$$$.

Låt $$$\operatorname{u}=x$$$ och $$$\operatorname{dv}=\sin{\left(x \right)} dx$$$.

Då gäller $$$\operatorname{du}=\left(x\right)^{\prime }dx=1 dx$$$ (stegen kan ses ») och $$$\operatorname{v}=\int{\sin{\left(x \right)} d x}=- \cos{\left(x \right)}$$$ (stegen kan ses »).

Alltså,

$${\color{red}{\int{x \sin{\left(x \right)} d x}}}={\color{red}{\left(x \cdot \left(- \cos{\left(x \right)}\right)-\int{\left(- \cos{\left(x \right)}\right) \cdot 1 d x}\right)}}={\color{red}{\left(- x \cos{\left(x \right)} - \int{\left(- \cos{\left(x \right)}\right)d x}\right)}}$$

Tillämpa konstantfaktorregeln $$$\int c f{\left(x \right)}\, dx = c \int f{\left(x \right)}\, dx$$$ med $$$c=-1$$$ och $$$f{\left(x \right)} = \cos{\left(x \right)}$$$:

$$- x \cos{\left(x \right)} - {\color{red}{\int{\left(- \cos{\left(x \right)}\right)d x}}} = - x \cos{\left(x \right)} - {\color{red}{\left(- \int{\cos{\left(x \right)} d x}\right)}}$$

Integralen av cosinus är $$$\int{\cos{\left(x \right)} d x} = \sin{\left(x \right)}$$$:

$$- x \cos{\left(x \right)} + {\color{red}{\int{\cos{\left(x \right)} d x}}} = - x \cos{\left(x \right)} + {\color{red}{\sin{\left(x \right)}}}$$

Alltså,

$$\int{x \sin{\left(x \right)} d x} = - x \cos{\left(x \right)} + \sin{\left(x \right)}$$

Lägg till integrationskonstanten:

$$\int{x \sin{\left(x \right)} d x} = - x \cos{\left(x \right)} + \sin{\left(x \right)}+C$$

$$$\int x \sin{\left(x \right)}\, dx = \left(- x \cos{\left(x \right)} + \sin{\left(x \right)}\right) + C$$$A